1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
2 ATP’s ATP’s ATP’s

2. Life of a Cell
The Cell Cycle

3. The Cell Cycle
Consists of:
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

4. Interphase
NOT a “resting” phase for the cell. The cell carries out metabolic processes and prepares for cell division during interphase.
G1: Cell growth
S: DNA is replicated (46 chromosomes in humans)
G2: Cell growth

5. Interphase (Plant)

6. Interphase (Animal)
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane

7. Mitosis Process that divides the nucleus of a cell
Purpose is to create two daughter cells with identical information
Exact same # and type of chromosomes
Consists of 4 phases:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

8. Prophase Illustration
In prophase:
Nuclear membrane disintegrates (disappears)
Chromatin coils/condenses into chromosomes and becomes visible
Chromosomes consist of 2 chromatids
Centrosomes migrate to opposite sides of cell; spindle fibers form and attach to chromosomes
Centrosomes

9. Prophase (Plant)
Chromatin is condensing into chromosomes

10. Prophase (Animal)
Chromosomes

11. Metaphase Illustration
Centromere
*Chromosomes still consist of two chromatids

12. Metaphase (Plant)

13. Metaphase (Animal)

14. Anaphase Illustration
In Anaphase:
Chromatids separate at the centromere, becoming individual chromosomes
Chromosome now = 1 chromatid
Spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids to opposite poles of cell
Centriole
Spindle Fibers
Chromatid

15. Anaphase (Plant)
Chromatids

16. Anaphase (Animal)

17. Telophase Illustration
In telophase:
Nuclear membrane forms again
Chromosomes uncoil into long strands of chromatin
Cytokinesis begins

18. Telophase (Plant)
Nuclear membrane forming

19. Telophase (Animal)
Nucleus

20. Cytokinesis Illustration
In cytokinesis:
The cytoplasm divides between the daughter cells
Happens by cleavage furrow (animal) or formation of cell plate (plant)
Produces 2 daughter cells
Cleavage furrow

21. Cytokinesis (Plant)

22. Cytokinesis (Animal)
Cleavage Furrow