1. The Federalist Era 1789 to 1800
Chapter Nine

2. The First President
Section One

3. President George Washington
On April 30, 1789; George Washington was elected as our first president with John Adams as Vice President. They serve under the new Constitution and were extremely well respected by the people, who were fearful of the office of the President.
April 30, 1789

4. Vice President John Adams

5. Setting Precedent
Washington set many precedents, or traditions, with every decision he made in office. He created the title, “Mr. President” and served two terms.

6. State Department Thomas Jefferson

7. Treasury Department Alexander Hamilton

8. War Department Henry Knox

9. Attorney General Edmund Randolph

10. cabinet
These advisors along with Attorney General, Edmund Randolph, became known as the cabinet. Adams broke the tie in the Senate to allow the president to replace cabinet members without Senate approval.

11. Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 helped create the court system in the United States. The Federal Court System had 13 district courts and three circuit courts.

12. United States Supreme Court
The United States Supreme Court would be the final authority in all matters. It could overturn any state ruling. John Jay was the first Chief Justice.

13. Bill of Rights 1791
In December of 1791, the congress passed the first 10 amendments, the Bill of Rights, to protect the individual rights and liberties of the American people.

14. the 10th Amendment
The 10th Amendment was supposed to give the states some leverage with the United States Government. It basically says that any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states.

15. Hamilton & the National Debt
Washington rarely dealt with financial issues leaving them to Hamilton. He dealt mostly with foreign and military issues.
Hamilton’s biggest problem was the National Debt and how to stop it from growing.
Hamilton suggested that the U.S. should take over all debts owed by the states to other nations or people since they got these debts creating the U.S. He hoped this would make the states more loyal to the U.S. government.

16. Hamilton’s Plan U.S. Government should take over state debts
Create a Bank of the United States to keep the nation’s money

17. State Arguments
Most states agreed to repay other nations, but many did not want to pay off the war bonds purchased by citizens who had sold them for less than their value to speculators who hoped to get rich once they were repaid.

18. Southern States Oppose
Many Southern states were opposed to this plan since they had already paid their debts back and thought the North were getting a free ride.
To get support from the South, Hamilton proposed to move the new U.S. capitol to land between Virginia and Maryland. The was located in Philadelphia, where it would remain until the new capitol was ready.

19. The New Capitol The Southern States agree! In the South
Washington, D.C.
The Southern States agree!

20. Hamilton & the Bank of the U.S.
Hamilton wanted to create the Bank of the United States to keep the nation’s money. It would be owned by the government and individuals.

21. Jefferson & Madison Oppose
Jefferson and Madison said the bank was unconstitutional, but Hamilton got Washington to agree.
Jefferson
Madison
Hamilton and Washingotn

22. Hamilton & the import Tax
Hamilton also suggested a tariff on imported European goods to force Americans to buy American goods. He believed this would help support American industry.

23. Southern States Oppose
The South opposed this since they did not have many factories and would just have to pay higher prices and not receive any benefits. However, they eventually agreed.

24. Taxes
Finally, Hamilton got Congress to agree to creating taxes to help fund the U.S. government.
Jefferson and Madison began to strongly oppose Hamilton’s ideas of a stronger U.S. government. They believed that the U.S. would become dominated be a few wealthy individuals instead of the people.

25. Early Challenges
Section Two

26. Students will be able to:
Determine the major issues both domestic and foreign that Washington had to deal with as our first president.

27. A) The Whiskey Rebellion

28. The “Whiskey Rebellion”
1794

29. The “Whiskey Rebellion”

30. The “Whiskey Rebellion”

31. B) Struggle Over the West

32. Conflicts with Native Americans

33. British Interference

34. “Battle of Fallen Timbers”

35. C) Problems with Europe

36. “French Revolution”

37. “French Revolution”

38. Britain and France at War

39. “Proclamation of Neutrality”

40. British “Impressing” U.S. Sailors

41. “Jay’s Treaty”

42. “Pinckney’s Treaty”

43. Washington’s Farewell

44. Setting another “Precedent”

45. Washington’s Advice
U.S. should stay out of foreign affairs unless they directly impact the nation
U.S. should never create political parties, it will divide the nation

46. Did we listen?

47. Did we listen?

48. The First Political Parties
Section Three

49. Students will be able to:
Examine the political differences that led to the creation of political parties within the new nation.

50. A) Opposing Views

51. “Federalists” (Alexander Hamilton)

52. “Democratic Republicans” (Thomas Jefferson)

53. “Federalists” (Alexander Hamilton / John Adams)
Rule by the wealthy / educated
Implied powers of Constitution
British Alliance
Strong U.S. government
Emphasis on manufacturing
National bank
Restricted trade (strong tariffs)

54. “Democratic Republicans” (Thomas Jefferson / James Madison)
Rule by the farmers / common man
Strict interpretation of Constitution
French Alliance
Strong State Governments
Emphasis on farming
State Banks
Open trade (low tariffs)

55. “Federalists” & “Republicans”

56. “Caucus”

57. Election of 1796

58. B) President John Adams

59. President John Adams

60. Trouble with France

61. Charles de Talleyrand

62. “XYZ Affair”

63. “Navy Department”

64. U.S. / French Relations Hurt

65. “Alien & Sedition Acts”

66. “Alien & Sedition Acts”

67. “Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions”

68. “States Rights = Nullify”

69. Election of 1800