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Unit 2: Basics of Human Anatomy and Physiology

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1 Unit 2: Basics of Human Anatomy and Physiology
Skin, Bones and Joints Sports Medicine 1 Mr. Smith

2 Lesson Objectives Describe the functions of skin, bone, muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage Describe the types of bones and identify examples Describe the classification of joints and explain the types of motion produced Label general muscular and bony anatomy

3 Body Tissues Skin: Most superficial layer
First line defense against external forces Keeps bodily fluids in Picks up sensations Secrets an oily substance

4 Body Tissues cont… Skin Has ability to expand
Accommodate increases in muscle girth or fatty tissue Stretch marks are where the dermis was stretched excessively until elastic fibers ruptured

5 Body Tissues cont… Skin Made up of several layers
Superficial – epidermis Middle- dermis Deep- hypodermis or subcutaneous layer Stores about 50% of body’s fat

6 Skin Anatomy

7 Bones Bones Protect vital organs and structures from trauma
Are stiff structures that are acted on by muscles to create movement Are metabolically active; that is, produced blood cells and store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

8 Bones Approximately 206 bones in body Axial Skeleton
Spine, thorax, skull Appendicular Skeleton Extremities

9 Anatomy of a Long Bone Epiphysis (Ends)
Spongy during adolescence and can be problematic because of vulnerability to injury Diaphysis Shaft of the bone

10 Articular Cartilage Cushions bone ends, provides stability with movement

11 Periosteum Supportive sheath that provides nutrient blood for the bones

12 Spongy Bone Filled with either red or yellow bone marrow, capable of making changes according to weight, postural change and muscle tension

13 Compact Bone Dense bone

14 Medullary Cavity Cavity of diaphysis, contains marrow

15 Red Marrow Composed of red and white blood cells. In adults it is limited to the sternum, vertebrae, ribs, hips, clavicles, and cranial bones

16 Yellow Marrow Fatty connective tissue, replaces red marrow in the epiphysis, medullary cavity of long bone, and cancellous bone of other bones

17 Body Tissues cont… Bones Long Bones Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid

18 Body Tissues cont. Long Bones
Having a body which is longer than it is wide

19 Body Tissues cont… Bones Long Bones Femur Tibia Fibula Humerus Radius
Ulna

20 LONG BONES FEMUR TIBIA AND FIBULA

21 LONG BONES HUMERUS RADIUS AND ULNA

22 Body Tissues cont. Mini Long Bones Metacarpals Metatarsals Phalanges

23 MINI LONG BONES METACARPALS/ PHALANGES METATARSALS

24 Body Tissues cont. Short Bones A bone that is as wide as they are long
Carpals Wrist Bones Tarsals Foot Bones

25 SHORT BONES CARPALS TARSALS

26 Body Tissues cont. Flat Bones
They are as they sound, flat plates of bone Scapula (Shoulder Blade) Sternum (Breast Bone) Cranium (Skull) Pelvis Ribs

27 FLAT BONES SCAPULA STERNUM

28 FLAT BONES PELVIS RIBS

29 Body Tissues cont. Irregular Bones
Bones that do not fall into any other category, due to their non-uniform shape Vertebrae (Bones of the Spine) Sacrum (Tail Bone) Mandible (Lower Jaw)

30 IRREGULAR BONES VERTEBRAE/SACRUM MANDIBLE/MAXILLA

31 Sesamoid Often called a “Floating Bone” Patella (Knee Cap) Most Known
2 Small Bones at base of 1st Metatarsal Sometimes 1 at base of Thumb

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35 Cartilage Absorb shock Allow smooth movement

36 Body Tissues cont… Muscle Allows the body to accelerate, decelerate, stop movement, and help to maintain normal postural alignment

37 Attach muscle to bone and transmit the force that a muscle exerts
Body Tissues cont… Tendon Attach muscle to bone and transmit the force that a muscle exerts

38 Connect bone to bone and helps to form joints
Body Tissues cont… Ligament Connect bone to bone and helps to form joints

39 Joints of the Body

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42 Classification of Joints
Hinge Joint Ball and Socket Joint Most mobility of all joints

43 Classification of Joints
Pivot Saddle/Gliding


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