Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byPatrick Egbert Bates Modified over 6 years ago
1
Unit 2: Basics of Human Anatomy and Physiology
Skin, Bones and Joints Sports Medicine 1 Mr. Smith
2
Lesson Objectives Describe the functions of skin, bone, muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage Describe the types of bones and identify examples Describe the classification of joints and explain the types of motion produced Label general muscular and bony anatomy
3
Body Tissues Skin: Most superficial layer
First line defense against external forces Keeps bodily fluids in Picks up sensations Secrets an oily substance
4
Body Tissues cont… Skin Has ability to expand
Accommodate increases in muscle girth or fatty tissue Stretch marks are where the dermis was stretched excessively until elastic fibers ruptured
5
Body Tissues cont… Skin Made up of several layers
Superficial – epidermis Middle- dermis Deep- hypodermis or subcutaneous layer Stores about 50% of body’s fat
6
Skin Anatomy
7
Bones Bones Protect vital organs and structures from trauma
Are stiff structures that are acted on by muscles to create movement Are metabolically active; that is, produced blood cells and store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
8
Bones Approximately 206 bones in body Axial Skeleton
Spine, thorax, skull Appendicular Skeleton Extremities
9
Anatomy of a Long Bone Epiphysis (Ends)
Spongy during adolescence and can be problematic because of vulnerability to injury Diaphysis Shaft of the bone
10
Articular Cartilage Cushions bone ends, provides stability with movement
11
Periosteum Supportive sheath that provides nutrient blood for the bones
12
Spongy Bone Filled with either red or yellow bone marrow, capable of making changes according to weight, postural change and muscle tension
13
Compact Bone Dense bone
14
Medullary Cavity Cavity of diaphysis, contains marrow
15
Red Marrow Composed of red and white blood cells. In adults it is limited to the sternum, vertebrae, ribs, hips, clavicles, and cranial bones
16
Yellow Marrow Fatty connective tissue, replaces red marrow in the epiphysis, medullary cavity of long bone, and cancellous bone of other bones
17
Body Tissues cont… Bones Long Bones Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
18
Body Tissues cont. Long Bones
Having a body which is longer than it is wide
19
Body Tissues cont… Bones Long Bones Femur Tibia Fibula Humerus Radius
Ulna
20
LONG BONES FEMUR TIBIA AND FIBULA
21
LONG BONES HUMERUS RADIUS AND ULNA
22
Body Tissues cont. Mini Long Bones Metacarpals Metatarsals Phalanges
23
MINI LONG BONES METACARPALS/ PHALANGES METATARSALS
24
Body Tissues cont. Short Bones A bone that is as wide as they are long
Carpals Wrist Bones Tarsals Foot Bones
25
SHORT BONES CARPALS TARSALS
26
Body Tissues cont. Flat Bones
They are as they sound, flat plates of bone Scapula (Shoulder Blade) Sternum (Breast Bone) Cranium (Skull) Pelvis Ribs
27
FLAT BONES SCAPULA STERNUM
28
FLAT BONES PELVIS RIBS
29
Body Tissues cont. Irregular Bones
Bones that do not fall into any other category, due to their non-uniform shape Vertebrae (Bones of the Spine) Sacrum (Tail Bone) Mandible (Lower Jaw)
30
IRREGULAR BONES VERTEBRAE/SACRUM MANDIBLE/MAXILLA
31
Sesamoid Often called a “Floating Bone” Patella (Knee Cap) Most Known
2 Small Bones at base of 1st Metatarsal Sometimes 1 at base of Thumb
35
Cartilage Absorb shock Allow smooth movement
36
Body Tissues cont… Muscle Allows the body to accelerate, decelerate, stop movement, and help to maintain normal postural alignment
37
Attach muscle to bone and transmit the force that a muscle exerts
Body Tissues cont… Tendon Attach muscle to bone and transmit the force that a muscle exerts
38
Connect bone to bone and helps to form joints
Body Tissues cont… Ligament Connect bone to bone and helps to form joints
39
Joints of the Body
42
Classification of Joints
Hinge Joint Ball and Socket Joint Most mobility of all joints
43
Classification of Joints
Pivot Saddle/Gliding
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.