1. Unit 2: Basics of Human Anatomy and Physiology
Skin, Bones and Joints
Sports Medicine 1
Mr. Smith

2. Lesson Objectives
Describe the functions of skin, bone, muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage
Describe the types of bones and identify examples
Describe the classification of joints and explain the types of motion produced
Label general muscular and bony anatomy

3. Body Tissues Skin: Most superficial layer
First line defense against external forces
Keeps bodily fluids in
Picks up sensations
Secrets an oily substance

4. Body Tissues cont… Skin Has ability to expand
Accommodate increases in muscle girth or fatty tissue
Stretch marks are where the dermis was stretched excessively until elastic fibers ruptured

5. Body Tissues cont… Skin Made up of several layers
Superficial – epidermis
Middle- dermis
Deep- hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
Stores about 50% of body’s fat

6. Skin Anatomy

7. Bones Bones Protect vital organs and structures from trauma
Are stiff structures that are acted on by muscles to create movement
Are metabolically active; that is, produced blood cells and store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

8. Bones Approximately 206 bones in body Axial Skeleton
Spine, thorax, skull
Appendicular Skeleton
Extremities

9. Anatomy of a Long Bone Epiphysis (Ends)
Spongy during adolescence and can be problematic because of vulnerability to injury
Diaphysis
Shaft of the bone

10. Articular Cartilage
Cushions bone ends, provides stability with movement

11. Periosteum
Supportive sheath that provides nutrient blood for the bones

12. Spongy Bone
Filled with either red or yellow bone marrow, capable of making changes according to weight, postural change and muscle tension

13. Compact Bone
Dense bone

14. Medullary Cavity
Cavity of diaphysis, contains marrow

15. Red Marrow
Composed of red and white blood cells. In adults it is limited to the sternum, vertebrae, ribs, hips, clavicles, and cranial bones

16. Yellow Marrow
Fatty connective tissue, replaces red marrow in the epiphysis, medullary cavity of long bone, and cancellous bone of other bones

17. Body Tissues cont…
Bones
Long Bones
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

18. Body Tissues cont. Long Bones
Having a body which is longer than it is wide

19. Body Tissues cont… Bones Long Bones Femur Tibia Fibula Humerus Radius
Ulna

20. LONG BONES
FEMUR
TIBIA AND FIBULA

21. LONG BONES
HUMERUS
RADIUS AND ULNA

22. Body Tissues cont.
Mini Long Bones
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

23. MINI LONG BONES
METACARPALS/
PHALANGES
METATARSALS

24. Body Tissues cont. Short Bones A bone that is as wide as they are long
Carpals
Wrist Bones
Tarsals
Foot Bones

25. SHORT BONES
CARPALS
TARSALS

26. Body Tissues cont. Flat Bones
They are as they sound, flat plates of bone
Scapula (Shoulder Blade)
Sternum (Breast Bone)
Cranium (Skull)
Pelvis
Ribs

27. FLAT BONES
SCAPULA
STERNUM

28. FLAT BONES
PELVIS
RIBS

29. Body Tissues cont. Irregular Bones
Bones that do not fall into any other category, due to their non-uniform shape
Vertebrae (Bones of the Spine)
Sacrum (Tail Bone)
Mandible (Lower Jaw)

30. IRREGULAR BONES
VERTEBRAE/SACRUM
MANDIBLE/MAXILLA

31. Sesamoid Often called a “Floating Bone” Patella (Knee Cap) Most Known
2 Small Bones at base of 1st Metatarsal
Sometimes 1 at base of Thumb

35. Cartilage
Absorb
shock
Allow smooth movement

36. Body Tissues cont…
Muscle
Allows the body to accelerate, decelerate, stop movement, and help to maintain normal postural alignment

37. Attach muscle to bone and transmit the force that a muscle exerts
Body Tissues cont…
Tendon
Attach muscle to bone and transmit the force that a muscle exerts

38. Connect bone to bone and helps to form joints
Body Tissues cont…
Ligament
Connect bone to bone and helps to form joints

39. Joints of the Body

42. Classification of Joints
Hinge Joint
Ball and Socket Joint
Most mobility of all joints

43. Classification of Joints
Pivot
Saddle/Gliding