1. Computer Security Fundamentals
by Chuck Easttom
Chapter 6 Techniques Used by Hackers-2

2. Cain and Abel
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3. SQL Injection One of the most common attacks
Depends on knowledge of SQL
Basics are easy
Versatile and can do a lot more than many realize
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4. What Is SQL?
A relational database contains one or more tables identified each by a name.
Tables contain records (rows) with data.
For example, the following table is called "users" and contains data distributed in rows and columns:
SQL (Structured Query Language) uses commands like such as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE, and others. Example: SELECT * FROM tblUsers WHERE USERNAME = ‘admin’
© 2016 Pearson, Inc Chapter 6 Techniques Used by Hackers

5. More on SQL
Web sites are written in some programming language such as PHP, ASP, JSP, ASP.net. Those programming languages have their own syntax (NOT SQL). So programmers put the SQL into their code in strings. So lets say you type your username into a text field called txtUsername and your password into a text field called txtPassword. The code in their program has to put SQL statements into a string and append whatever you entered in those two text fields. It will look something like this:
string sSQLstatement;
sSQLstatement = “SELECT * FROM tblUSERS WHERE UserName = ‘ “
+ txtUsername.Text +’” + “ AND Password = ‘” + txtPassword.Text +”’”;
so the string will contain
‘SELECT * FROM tblUSERS WHERE UserName =‘admin’ AND Password = ‘password’’;
However whatever you type in, gets put into the text field.
© 2016 Pearson, Inc Chapter 6 Techniques Used by Hackers

6. SQL Script Injection ' or ‘1' =‘1 OR ' or 'a' ='a
Single quote added to password:
Add the following to the username box and the password:
' or ‘1' =‘1 OR
' or 'a' ='a
Also try password’ or (1=1)
Or people try
anything' OR 'x'='x
or people try
password:’1=1- -
Try using double quote (") if single quote (') is not working
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7. What Does This Cause? Well you would have had
‘SELECT * FROM tblUSERS WHERE UserName =‘admin’ AND Password = ‘password’’;
Instead you have
‘SELECT * FROM tblUSERS WHERE UserName =‘' or ‘1' =‘1
’ AND Password = ‘' or ‘1' =‘1
’’;
So now it says to get all entries from table = tblUsers if the username is ‘’ (blank) OR IF 1 =1. And if password = ‘’ (blank) OR IF 1=1!
© 2016 Pearson, Inc Chapter 6 Techniques Used by Hackers

8. Cross Site Scripting
An attacker injects client-side script into web pages viewed by other users. The term cross-site scripting originally referred to the act of loading the attacked, third-party web application from an unrelated attack site, in a manner that executes a fragment of JavaScript prepared by the attacker in the security context of the targeted domain
Essentially you enter scripts into an area that other users interact with. So that when they go to that part of the site, you have your own script run, rather than the intended Web site functionality. This can include redirecting them.
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9. OphCrack- How It Works Download OphCrack and burn the image to a CD.
Put the CD in the target computer and boot through CD.
It boots as Linux, grabs the Windows password file, and then uses cracking tools to crack that file and produces a text file with username and passwords.
You cannot even consider yourself a hacker without this tool in your toolkit.
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10. Malware Creation GUI tools Batch Files Writing your own
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11. Malware Creation
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12. Other Attacks Pass the hash Scripts
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13. Pen Testing
NIST
National Security Agency Information Assessment Methodology
PCI Penetration Testing Standard
© 2016 Pearson, Inc Chapter 6 Techniques Used by Hackers