1. Popes and Rulers

2. Reviving an Empire Otto the Great Otto the Great Dies
Took control of the parts of the eastern portion of Charlemagne's empire
Created alliances with nobles to strengthen his power
Convinced pope to crown him emperor
Created a prosperous kingdom
Strengthened the power of the church in his kingdom
Otto the Great Dies
His empire continued to be ruled by his decedents
The empire itself became to be known as the Holy Roman Empire
Shows that German kings wanted to create a Christian version of the Roman empire

3. Holy Roman Empire 962-1803 Created by Otto the Great
A Christian empire meant to rival the greatness of the Roman Empire

4. A Study in Conflict Pope and Emperor A Defiant Ruler
1073 Pope Gregory VII believes a king should not have more power than the Church
Creates a list declaring the supreme authority of the Church
12. “It may be permitted to him to depose emperors”
A Defiant Ruler
Henry IV ignored the Pope’s rules
Pope Gregory VII excommunicated (exclude from the church) Henry
The pope freed Henry’s subjects from their feudal oaths
Without the support of his subjects Henry had no power
The struggle between pope and ruler continued for years
Concordat of Worms= agreement between Church and Holy Roman Empire

5. Church and State in England
Similar conflicts between the church and government continued in other areas of Europe
King Henry vs. Archbishop of Canterbury
Henry wanted to expand royal power
Archbishop did not support King Henry and grew more loyal to the state

6. Kings Grow Stronger Increased Trade Challenging power
By 1100’s trade was growing
This increased the wealth of kings through taxes
Kings grew in power with increase of money
Challenging power
As kings grew in wealth they began to challenge the Church by also granting land
This used to be solely the power of the Church