2. RESEARCH LABORATORY OF BIOENERGY (RLB)
RENEWABLE
&
GREEN ENERGY
DR. ABDUL MAJEED KHAN, Ph.D.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
RESEARCH LABORATORY OF BIOENERGY (RLB)
Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, University Road, Karachi-75300, Pakistan

3. WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)
Definition: Process used to convert non-recyclable waste materials into useable products like heat energy, electrical energy and combustible fuels like methane, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol and syngas etc.
Objectives: Renewable, green and sustainable source of energy, public hygiene and health, global warming, environment, economy, recycling, waste management etc
Feedstocks: Live stocks (animals dung, fats/oils, slaughterhouse wastes), Agriculture residues, wastewater, sewage sludge, sugar industry wastes (molasses, baygas), vegetable wastes, fruit wastes, debris, algae, waste oils etc.
Energies: Electricity, biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, bioethers, syngas, CNG, LNG.
Processes: Combustion, gasification, pyrolization, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas (LFG) recovery.

4. TERMS AND THEIR DIFFERENCES
Combustion: The burning of fuels in the presence of oxygen (Products: heat and electricity)
Pyrolysis: Thermochemical decomposition of organic materials at elevated temperature in the absence of oxygen (Products: charcoal, activated carbon, methanol, coke, coal, syngas from biomass, higher hydrocarbons to lighter one like gasoline).
Gasification: Convert organic or fossil fuels to H2, CO2, CO at high temperature (>700 oC) without combustion with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam.
Anaerobic digestion/Fermentation: A biological process in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen (biogas, bioethanol).
Transesterification: A chemical reaction used to convert oil to biodiesel.

5. A GENERAL PATHWAY
SOURCE:

6. SOURCE: http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/waste-to-energy-pathways/

7. POWER GENERATION FROM WASTE
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8. WASTES OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND ENERGY
SOURCE:

9. SOURCE: http://followgreenliving

10. SOURCE http://www. greenerideal

11. WASTE TO ENERGY IN EUROPE
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12. THANKS