1. BELLWORK
Use “The Black Plague” reading to answer the following questions.
List three theories on the causes of the Black Plague.
What actually caused the Black Plague?
How did the Black Plague spread?
What is the difference between the Bubonic Plague and the Pneumonic Plague?
Explain the symptoms of the Black Plague.
How did the Black Plague affect Europe?

2. The Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague, also known as The Black Plague or The Black Death spread throughout Europe between
The Black Plague was one of the most devastating pandemics in history:
Killed 1/3 of the population in Europe and Asia
Reduced world’s population from 450M to 350M by 1400.
It took 150 years for Europe’s population to recover
Started in East Asia and spread west throughout Europe

3. Spread of the Black Plague in Europe

5. The Bubonic Plague
Symptoms started with the appearance of boils in the neck and armpits, which oozed pus and blood when opened.
Followed by a severe fever and vomiting of blood
Body would be covered with black spots and rashes
Sometimes it infected the lungs and caused respiratory problems.
Most victims died within 2-7 days after infection.

7. A scene showing plague-infected monks being blessed by a priest
A scene showing plague-infected monks being blessed by a priest. England

8. Some countries chose to burn infected people in groups.

10. Do you know this nursery rhyme?
Ring around the rosies
Pockets full of posies
Ashes, ashes,
We all fall down.
A rosie rash and rings on your skin were symptoms of the Black Plague!
Posies of herbs were carried as protection and to ward off the smell
Ashes, Ashes refers variously to the cremation of bodies, the burning of victims’ houses, or the blackening of their skin

11. The Crusades
The Crusades: Series of nine military battles where European Christians tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Why might a war fought for religion seem contradictory to their beliefs?
What powers did the Catholic church have?

12. The Crusades - background
In the 1000’s, the Seljuk Turks (from Central Asia) took control of Jerusalem and surrounding areas.
Jerusalem was a sacred city for Jews, Muslims and Christians……. All wanted control!
The purpose of the Crusades was for the Christians to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Muslims (Turks/Seljuks) vs. Christians (Rome/Byzantine)
After about 160 years of fighting, the Muslims won!
To learn more about these important religious battles, you are going to complete a worksheet.
We will do some portions together, so follow along!

14. BELLWORK 10/8 Explain the two sides of the Crusades.
Use your Crusades packet or pg. 144 to answer the following:
Explain the two sides of the Crusades.
What was the goal of the Crusades? Why was this important?
Why would people agree to fight in the Crusades?
Describe the First Crusade.
What was the outcome of the First Crusade?
THINKER: Although the Byzantines had very different beliefs/practices than the Holy Roman Empire, they eventually agree to combine their empires……... Why?

16. The First Crusade
Ended with the Christian capture of Jerusalem

17. The Second Crusade
In response to the fall of the County of Edessa under Muslim control (one of the first Crusader states established during First Crusade)
King Louis VII of France and Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III led their armies, but fought constantly
Muslims defeated the Christians and regained control of the Holy Land

18. The Third Crusade
In response to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslims.
“Crusade of Kings” (France, England, Holy Roman)
Saladin, a Muslim leader, united all Muslims and developed a well-trained and advanced army
The Christians were unsuccessful and could not capture Jerusalem.

19. Effects of the Crusades

20. Nursery Rhymes Nursery Rhymes were the earliest political cartoons.
At the time, it was extremely dangerous to criticize the government, so people disguised their feelings with nursery rhymes.
We are going to read three of the most popular nursery rhymes and learn what they really mean.

21. Monarchies
As you know, the most powerful monarchies in Medieval Europe were England, France, and Rome.
Focus on how the monarchs GAINED or LOST power!!!
Pay attention and fill in any missing information!

22. Rise of Monarchies
After Charlemagne’s reign, European monarchs were the primary rulers. Their lands and power were gradually lost to nobles; however, monarchs still built strong states after 1100 AD.
Now, you will focus on the three most powerful monarchies in Medieval Europe: England, France, and Rome.
You also will begin to see how religion plays an important role in government.
Read pages 120 – 122 and answer the following questions in your notes.

23. Rise of Monarchies England Explain how and why England formed.
Who was William the Conqueror? Who advised him?
Explain the changes implemented by William’s successors.
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
What is Parliament? Describe how it is set up.
France
Explain the advances of Philip Augustus. How did he weaken the system of Feudalism?
What did Louis IX change in France?
How did Philip IV pay for war? How did the Pope respond?
Holy Roman Empire
Explain how and why the Holy Roman Empire formed?
Explain the two conflicting claims over power.