1. Liberty v. Order
Learn about Alexander Hamilton's program for dealing with national and state debts
Find out how foreign policy issues divided Americans
See what issues led to the emergence of political parties

2. Alexander Hamilton Secretary Of Treasury
Supporter of a STRONG central government
Economic brain of Washington’s cabinet
Plans to pay off nation’s debt

3. Hamilton’s Plan Central gov’t. will pay off state debts
South balks at idea
Assumption Bill solves problem
Capital will be located between two southern states, 1 big & 1 small

4. The National Bank Provide a safe place for tax revenues
Loan money to people & states
Provide uniform currency
Allow for easy transfer of money

5. Hamilton’s opponents Led by Thomas Jefferson People who dislike taxes
Fear of government by the few
Different Constitutional viewpoints

6. Who will be next?
Alexander Hamilton?
Thomas Jefferson?
John Adams?

7. The Election of 1796 Adams runs as a Federalist, Jefferson as a
Democratic-Republican or
Jeffersonian-Republican

8. What does this map tell us about America in 1796?
                                                          

9. The XYZ Affair

10. French felt we were siding with England
Foreign Problems
French felt we were siding with England
Anger over Jay’s Treaty
Ignoring Franco-American Alliance, 1778
Seized over 300 ships by 1797
Threatened our ambassador

11. What would you do as President?
Adams sends John Marshall to France
XYZ Affair?
Envoys asked for $250,000 as bribe for permission to negotiate or talk to Talleyrand
We refuse – even though was common practice
“Millions for defense – not one cent for tribute”
What should Adams do to protect our pride?

12. Should we go to War ?
US and France fight undeclared naval war, Navy strengthened, Marines reestablished
Adams sends second envoy to meet Napoleon
Negotiate - Convention of 1800
Break-up Franco-American Alliance, 1778
US to pay our own shippers for lost ships
High water mark for Adams
Federalists begin to worry about foreign influences

13. Federalists v. Democratic-Republicans, Round One
Federalist majority in Congress
Pass legislation to weaken Dem-Reps.
Pass anti-immigration measures, most newcomers joined the D-R Party

14. Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act
Citizenship from 5 to 14 years
Can expel aliens in peacetime
President - jail aliens
Sedition Act
Fines and jail penalties to anyone speaking or writing “with intent to defame… or bring into contempt or disrepute the President or other members of the government”, only Republicans will be sentenced
Can this be done?
Why or why not?

15. Republican response
Federalist actions were attacks on First Amendment freedoms
Jefferson & James Madison write the Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions
Promote a “states rights” theory of government

16. Federalists Response?
Constitution was an agreement between the people and not the states
Were they right?
Only Federal courts could determine the actions of the other two branches
What was the impact for the nation?
Effect of Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

17. The Revolution of 1800 Map of the Presidential Election of 1800.
Jefferson v. Adams
A bloodless change of leadership
Jefferson wins after election goes to House of Representatives

18. The 12th Amendment Ratified in 1804
Prevents ties in presidential elections
Separate ballots are cast for president & vice-president
Future ties will be prevented

19. Jefferson takes office
Federalist power has come to an end

20. The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson Stronger Smaller Government

21. 12th Amendment The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson Louisiana Purchase
Kept National Bank
Reduced taxes
Louisiana
Purchase
Reduced size
Of army
The Presidency of
Thomas Jefferson
Stronger
Government
Smaller
Government
Marbury v.
Madison
Judicial
Review
Lewis
&
Clark
Cuts
Government
jobs
Hamilton v Burr
Duel
Embargo of
1807

22. The Midnight Judges
Attempt by Pres. Adams to maintain Federalist power
Increases number of federal judges to 16
John Marshall most important of Adams’ appointments

23. John Marshall Chief Justice from 1801 – 1835 Thomas Jefferson’s cousin
Increases power of the Supreme Court
Establishes principle of Judicial Review

24. Judicial Review Power of court to determine constitutionality of laws
May set aside laws that they deem unconstitutional (Marbury v. Madison)
Power to reverse state court decisions

25. Marbury v. Madison Marbury was a midnight appt.
Jefferson fails to deliver the appt.
Marbury sues Sec. Of State James Madison
Supreme Court rules against him & overturns part of Judiciary Act of 1789
Marshall established JUDICIAL REVIEW with this ruling