1. THE PANTHEON
128 AD
Rome, italy \

2. Sketch: Exterior

3. Sketch: Interior

4. HISTORY 27 AD – General Marcus Agrippa
Son-in-law of Emperor Augustus
Rectangular structure in center of the city
80 AD – damaged by fire
80 AD – rebuilt under Emperor Domitian
110 AD – struck by lightning and burned down

5. HISTORY 118 – 128 AD – rebuilt under Emperor Hadrian
Rotunda walls, dome each took 4-5 years
“Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, made it.”
609 AD – Given to Popes by Emperor Phocas

6. FORM Corinthian columns 60 tons each
Dragged, floated, and rolled all the way from Egypt – Nile River  Mediterranean Sea  Tiber River
Granite, with marble bases and capitals

7. FORM Rotunda (round room with dome)
Still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome (no steel rods)
Perfect sphere (the height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 meters)
Sources of light – oculus and entry door
Lighter concrete on upper levels reduces weight
Hidden chambers within the rotunda form a honeycomb structure – also reduces weight
Coffers and oculus also reduce weight
Floor is still the Roman original
Interior is deliberately made to outshine the exterior

8. FORM

9. FORM

10. FORM

11. FUNCTION Religious temple PAN – all, THEON – of the gods
7 Roman gods: Sun, Moon, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars
7 niches in wall where the statues were placed
A place where the emperor could make public appearances in a setting which reminded onlookers of his divine status, equal with the other gods of the Roman pantheon and his deified emperor predecessors

12. FUNCTION Converted to Catholic Church in 609 AD Renaissance Today
Took excellent care of the building – one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings
Renaissance
Tomb for people in the arts
Today
Used as a Catholic Church
Holds mass daily
Tourist attraction

13. 360 degree view

14. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
Similar to Greeks:
Portico (rectangular porch with columns)
Pantheon
Parthenon

15. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
Similar to Greeks:
Corinthian Columns
Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens)
Pantheon

16. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
Similar to Greeks:
Decorated frieze and pediment
Parthenon
Temple of Hephaestus (Athens)
Pantheon

17. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
Similar to Greeks:
Symmetric balance on both sides
Parthenon
Pantheon

18. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
New Innovations:
Based on a circle giving it the dome shape

19. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
New Innovations:
Varying weight of concrete allowed vaulted domed roof

20. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
New Innovations:
Focus on interior space

21. ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE
New Innovations:
Oculus in the ceiling
Coffers

22. Legacy
Highly influential building, particularly the dome/rotunda

23. Le Pantheon in Paris

24. Monticello, Virginia

25. St. Peter’s, The Vatican (Rome)

26. Il Duomo, Florence

27. U.S. Capitol

28. Capitol, Olympia, WA

29. Tacoma Dome!

30. Khan Academy video