1. CHAPTER 14 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES

2. STATES OF MATTER Solids – have a definite shape and volume. WHY?
Particles of a solid are packed close together
Particles only vibrate in place

3. CRYSTAL SOLIDS Particles are arranged in a repeating pattern
EX. Diamonds, emeralds, ruby, salt, quartz

4. Liquids Definite volume, no set shape
Particles have enough space to move around one another
allows a liquid to flow from place to place
FLUID – “substance that flows”
Liquids also have – VISCOSITY – resistance to flowing
Small roundish particles allow for faster flowing

6. GASES No definite shape or volume Free moving particles
Particles spread out
Gases are fluid

8. CHANGES OF STATE It is all about THERMAL ENERGY…….. TE is heat.
Which state of matter has the most TE? How do you know?
To change state, TE TRANSFERS from one piece of matter to another
TE flows from warm matter to cool matter
Exothermic Process – process that loses thermal energy
Endothermic process – process that gains thermal energy

9. Freezing – liquid to solid
Melting – solid to liquid, occurs at a specific temperature (melting point)
particles vibrate so fast that they break free
Particles gain TE (endothermic)
Freezing – liquid to solid
Particles lose TE, become fixed and can only vibrate (exothermic)

10. Vaporization – liquid to gas
Particles gain enough TE to escape the surface of the liquid (endothermic)
Evaporation –on the surface of a liquid
ex. Shrinking puddle, drying in the sun
Boiling – liquid to gas throughout the liquid (bottom to top)
Liquids boil at a certain temperature (boiling point)
Boiling point decreases the higher you are above sea level

11. Condensation – Gas to liquid
Particles lose TE (exothermic)
Breathing on a mirror, dew, clouds forming
Deposition – gas to solid
A lot of TE is released (exothermic)
Sublimation – solid to gas
A lot of TE is being absorbed (endothermic)