1. Goal: What legacy did the Chinese dynasty’s leave on Chinese history?
Do Now: Matching
Dowry ________ Medical treatment where needles are inserted in the skin
Philosophy __________ Payment to a bride’s new husband
Confucianism __________ A family of rulers; passed from father to son
Dynasty __________ a system of ideas
Acupuncture __________ Philosophy of ancient China that stressed relationships
Acupuncture
Dowry
Dynasty
Philosophy
Confucianism
Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Do Now: Matching

2. QIN/CH’IN DYNASTY 221-206 BCE
First Chinese Empire
Qin Shi Huangdi
Great Wall
Terra Cotta Soldiers
Legalism, Daoism, Confucianism
Burned Confucist writings and buried scholars
Followed by Warring States period

3. Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Shi Huangdi
Named himself the first emperor of China
Came to power during the downfall of the Zhou Dynasty
He was brutal, but China entered their classical age under his rule
This set the standard for later Dynasties
Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Do Now: Matching

4. Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Unification
Shi Huangdi
Abolished feudalism
Created 36 military districts
Sent inspectors to report back to him
Forced noble families to live in the capital city, Xianyang
Distributed land to peasents
Taxes were high
Standardized system of money, measurement, writing and language
Built roads and canals
Tortured and killed any one who opposed him
Burned all books except those on medicine and agriculture
Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Do Now: Matching

6. MAP OF THE GREAT WALL

7. GREAT WALL OF CHINA!
Great Wall of China around 2,200 years ago in order to keep out the barbarian (The Huns) invasions.
The Great Wall was made of bricks and plaster; it is about 25 feet high, up to 30 feet wide and 1500 miles long and connected from Lintao through the Yellow River to the Liaodong Peninsula
It was stationed on the edges of mountains to prevent attacks.
The emperor’s soldiers and generals forced about 1,000,000 people from their homes to work on the Great Wall of China. Alexander, 4th Grade
Qin Dynasty collapses in 210 BC due to revolts, taxes, cruel policies, yet the wall remains to this day.

8. The Great Wall of China was built to keep the Mongols out.

9. Many died building it, and their bodies were used as filler for it.

11. View from space!

12. Primary Source
Shi Huangdi built a monument with the following inscription:
“A new age is inaugurated by the Emperor;
Rule and measures are rectified,
The myriad things set in order…
And there is harmony between fathers and sons
The Emperor in his sagacity, benevolence and justice
He made all laws and principles manifest.”
Sima Qian, quoted in Records of the Historian
What philosophy influenced Sima Qian?

13. X’ian combines old & new China. The name means western capital.

14. Old X’ian city wall . This is where the Silk Road caravans started.

15. Three pits were discovered and each contained some Terra Cotta soldiers. The soldiers are life size. Their clothing and hair styles help us understand social class divisions in Qin China. A topknot indicates an officer. There are over 7,000 soldiers in total.

16. Life size horses of Terra Cotta

17. Honor Guards

18. The clay entrance ramp still has some workers footprints in it.

19. An honor guard formation

20. ¾ size Bronze chariot

21. ¾ size Bronze horses

22. Officers in front probably in a formation as if the Emperor was reviewing them.

23. Pit 1= 16,000 square meters

24. The well at the right is how the army was discovered
The well at the right is how the army was discovered. In this pit were 6,000 soldiers in many small pieces.

25. Three farmers digging a well discovered these terra cotta figures below ground. They called in Chinese archaeologists who quickly uncovered the army and realized what this find meant. Legends had talked about it but everyone assumed it was just a story until 1974.

26. Today the surviving farmers are employed by the museum
Today the surviving farmers are employed by the museum. In the summer, they sign autographs for tourists. They were only paid $500 for their land by the Chinese government so these jobs are also compensation for the finders for their honesty in reporting the find.

27. This is what the soldiers look like when they were discovered.

28. Qin battle formation Notice the broken soldiers at the top
Qin battle formation Notice the broken soldiers at the top. This is how they look when first uncovered. They must be put back together piece by piece.

29. An officer and horses

30. Broken soldiers

33. Soldiers being reassembled

34. Soldiers with bundles of possible missing pieces behind them.

35. The reconstruction process- soldiers must be put back together and refired.

36. This pit is HUGE !

37. Soldier of Shi Huangdi
This terra-cotta soldier is one of more than 8,000 that stand guard inside the tomb of Emperor Shi Huangdi. A farmer uncovered the tomb in 1974 while digging a well.
How does the figure symbolize the power and authority of Shi Huangdi?

38. Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Terra-Cotta Soldiers
Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Do Now: Matching

40. XIA-SHANG-ZHOU Existed concurrently Kingdoms
Son of Heaven; Mandate of Heaven
Jade
Silk industry

41. Oracle Bones As part of worship, Shang asked ancestors for advice
Sought advice through use of oracle bones
Inscribed bits of animal bone, turtle shell
Living person asked question of ancestor
Hot piece of metal applied to oracle bone resulting in cracks on bone’s surface
Specially trained priests interpreted meaning of cracks to learn answer

42. Shang Achievements & Decline
Writing
Development of Chinese writing closely tied to use of oracle bones
Earliest examples of Chinese writing, questions written on bones themselves
Early Shang texts used picture symbols to represent objects, ideas
Bronze
Shang religion led to great advances in working with bronze
Highly decorative bronze vessels, objects created for religious rituals
Also built huge structures like tombs; created calendar, first money systems
End of Dynasty
Shang ruled for more than 600 years, until about 1100 BC
Ruling China’s growing population proved too much for Shang
Armies from nearby tribe, Zhou, invaded, established new ruling dynasty

43. The Zhou Dynasty
Beginning around 1100 BC, the Zhou rules China for several centuries. The Zhou dynasty is divided into two periods. During the Western Zhou, kings ruled from Xian in a peaceful period. Later conflict arose, kings moved east to Luoyang, beginning the Eastern Zhou period.
When Zhou conquered Shang, leaders worried Chinese people would not accept them
Introduced idea they ruled by Mandate of Heaven
Gods would support just ruler, not allow anyone corrupt to hold power
Government
Zhou said Shang overthrown because they lost gods’ favor
Later rulers used Mandate of Heaven to explain dynastic cycle, rise and fall of dynasties in China
If dynasty lost power, it obviously had become corrupt
Dynastic Cycle
In that case, they said, it was the will of the gods that that dynasty be overthrown and a new one take power.

44. Zhou Achievements Growth Decline of the Zhou
Before Zhou, Chinese metalwork done almost exclusively in bronze
Zhou learned to use iron, became backbone of economy
Iron was strong, could be cast more cheaply, quickly than bronze
Iron weapons strengthened Zhou army, as did new weapons like catapult and creation of China’s first cavalry
Population grew under Zhou
Farmers learned new techniques, increased size of harvest, created food surpluses; cities also grew
Roads, canals allowed better transportation, communication
Introduced coins, use of chopsticks
Growth
Conflict arose during latter part of Zhou dynasty
Clan leaders within China rose up against king
As time passed, more and more local leaders turned against Zhou, further weakening rule
Decline of the Zhou

45. Result of rebellions was Warring States Period
Small States Fight
Result of rebellions was Warring States Period
403 BC to 221 BC, number of small states fought each other for land, power
Zhou still nominally in charge, but power almost nonexistent by mid-200s BC
Qin, new dynasty, arose to bring end to Warring States Period, Zhou dynasty

47. Do Now: Fill in the Blank
Goal: How did the Shang and Zhou Dynasties influence Chinese civilization?
Do Now: Fill in the Blank
1. These Soldiers____________________ were buried with Emperor Shi Huangdi.
2. The oldest examples of Chinese writings are on ____________Bones.
3. To justify rebellion, Zhou Dynasty, promoted the idea of the __________________________.
4. The Mandate of Heaven was expanded to include the rise and fall of dynasties. This is known as the _________________________.
Homework: Write a paragraph explaining how the Chinese civilization has influenced the world.
Terra-Cotta Army
Oracle
Mandate of Heaven
Dynastic Cycle

48. What are the problems of governing a large empire?
Communication
Different people
Different languages
Loyality to old rulers
Aim: What legacy did the Qin dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Do Now: Matching

49. How can a ruler govern a large empire to establish stability and prosperity?
Use military force to add/control new territories.
Divide territories into provinces w/ local governors
Allow local self-government and tolerate local customs
Encourage adoption of empire’s religion, language and culture
Build roads and other communication channels.

50. Why is good government important in a large empire?
Resentment leads to rebellion and may produce instability.
It becomes easer to govern diverse cultures and populations
Loyalty to empire and its leaders grows
People identify with dominant culture, which promotes unity.
The empire is unified, which makes expansion and control easier and promotes trade.