1. Drill: Calculate the speed of a water wave when waves 5
Drill: Calculate the speed of a water wave when waves 5.0 m apart pass by at 40.0 waves per minute

2. Chapter 16
Light

3. Light
The range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves that stimulate the retina of the eye

4. Electromagnetic Wave
Transverse waves made up of pulses moving through space that affect both electric & magnetic fields

5. An ordered arrangement of many frequencies or wavelengths of waves
Spectrum
An ordered arrangement of many frequencies or wavelengths of waves

6. Electromagnetic Spectrum
An ordered arrangement of all the electromagnetic waves

7. The straight line path of a light wave
Ray
The straight line path of a light wave

8. A ray striking a surface
Incident Ray
A ray striking a surface

9. A ray passing through a substance
Transmitted Ray
A ray passing through a substance

10. A ray bouncing off of another substance
Reflected Ray
A ray bouncing off of another substance

11. Speed of Light
First Determined by Ole Roemer by observing the moons of Jupiter from opposite ends of Earth’s orbit.

12. Speed of Light
Correctly determined by Michelson by reflecting light from a spinning octagonal mirror.

13. For most calculations:
Speed of Light
cvac = 299,792,458 m/s
For most calculations:
c = x 108 m/s

14. Light Velocity Formula:
c = lf

15. Calculate the frequency of electromagnetic waves at: 600
Calculate the frequency of electromagnetic waves at: nm 150 mm 45.0 cm

16. Calculate the frequency of IR light at: 900.0 nm

17. Luminous
Anything that emits light
Sun, light bulb, etc

18. Illuminated
Anything that reflects light
Moon, mirror, wall, etc

19. Luminous Flux (P)
The rate at which light is emitted

20. The unit of luminous flux
Lumens (lm)
The unit of luminous flux

21. Light from a bulb or source is emitted spherically from the source

22. We are usually interested in the illumination of a certain area

23. The illumination of a surface
Illuminance (E)
The illumination of a surface

24. Lux (lx)
The unit for illumination
lx = lm/m2

25. Luminous Intensity (I)
The magnitude of the light source

26. Candle power of the unit for luminous intensity
Candela (cd)
Candle power of the unit for luminous intensity

27. Luminous Intensity Formulad2
E =

28. Luminous Flux Formula P
4pd2
E =

29. Determine the effect on illumination of a wall if a light source is moved from 30.0 to 120 cm away from the wall.

30. Calculate the illumination on a surface 2
Calculate the illumination on a surface 2.0 m away from a bulb emitting 1600 cd.

31. Calculate the illumination on a surface 3
Calculate the illumination on a surface 3.0 m away from a bulb emitting 2700 cd.

32. Substances that allows light to be clearly transmitted through them
Transparent
Substances that allows light to be clearly transmitted through them

33. Translucent
Substances that allows light to be transmitted, though not clearly, through them

34. Substances absorb or reflect all light striking them
Opaque
Substances absorb or reflect all light striking them

35. Color
A perception caused when cones in the eyes are excited by certain frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic waves

36. Luminous Colors

37. Primary Colors
Red
Blue
Green

38. Colors produced by mixing primary colors
Secondary Colors
Colors produced by mixing primary colors

39. Secondary Colors Yellow = Red + Green Cyan = Blue + Green
Magenta = Red + Blue

40. Two colors that when mixed produced white light
Complimentary Colors
Two colors that when mixed produced white light

41. Complimentary Colors
Red + Cyan
Blue + Yellow
Green + Magenta

42. List the three primary colors & list each’s complementary color.

43. Illuminated Colors

44. Dyes
Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light; thus reflect others

45. Dyes
Dyes are made up of molecules which are too small to be seen with a microscope

46. Dyes
When dissolved, form colored solutions that allow light to pass through

47. Pigments
Materials that absorb certain wavelengths of light; thus reflect others

48. Pigments
Pigments are made up of particles large enough to be seen with a microscope

49. Pigments
When dissolved, form suspensions that reflect light and are opaque

50. Primary Pigments
A pigment that absorbs a primary color

51. Primary Pigments
Yellow
Cyan
Magenta

52. Secondary Pigments
A pigment that absorbs two primary colors; thus reflect the third

53. Secondary Pigments
They are the primary colors: red, blue, & green

54. Thin Film Interference
Constructive & destructive effects of interference causing a rainbow appearance on a thin film

55. Thin Film Interference
Wavelengths are reinforced when the film is ¼ l, ¾ l, 5/4 l, etc

56. Electromagnetic waves are transverse with vibrations like sin waves vibrating at 360o from the ray

57. A light wave vibrating in only one direction
Polarized Light
A light wave vibrating in only one direction

58. Can be produced by passing regular light through a polarized lens
Polarized Light
Can be produced by passing regular light through a polarized lens

59. A screen with very fine slits all being parallel to each other
Polarizer
A screen with very fine slits all being parallel to each other

60. Calculate the frequency & period of light with a wavelength of 450 nm