1. Chapter 33 the great depression and the New Deal

2. Standards
US.48 Analyze the causes and consequences of the Dust Bowl of the 1930s.
US.49 Identify and explain the following New Deal programs and assess their past or present impact:
Works Progress Administration Tennessee valley AUTHORITY (TVA)
Social Security CUMBERLAND HOMESTEADS
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (fdic) GREAT SMOKY MTNS NATNL PARK
Securities and Exchange Commission CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC)
Fair Labor Standards Act AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT
National Recovery Administration and NIRA
US.50 Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies, including charges of socialism and FDR’s “court packing” attempt

3. 1932 election
Republican incumbent Herbert hoover vs Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Wife: Eleanor Roosevelt (niece of Theodore Roosevelt)

4. 1932 election FDR had polio but kept it hidden
Spoke of the “forgotten man”
Ran on repealing prohibition, balancing the budget, & sweeping social & economic reforms
He pledged a “new deal for the American people”
W/ THIS ELECTION, African-americans began moving to the democratic party, as they had been hit especially hard during the depression (“last hired, first fired”)

5. inauguration Inauguration day: march 4, 1933
Famous quote: “let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

6. FDR & the three r’s: relief, recovery, reform
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New deal goals: immediate relief & recovery, long term reform
Fdr Used “fireside chats” (radio broadcasts) to reassure citizens
Glass-Steagall banking reform act provided for the federal deposit insurance corporation (fdic)-insured deposits-ended epidemic of bank failures

7. Civilian conservation corps (ccc)
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Most popular of the new deal “alphabet agencies”
Created in the unemployment relief act
Employed people in fresh-air govt camps:
Reforestation, firefighting, flood control, swamp drainage

8. Agricultural adjustment act (aaa)
Made millions available to farmers to help meet their mortgages
All this direct relief helped get through the winter of , but unemployment & suffering remained

9. Works progress administration (wpa)
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Objective: employment on useful projects: public buildings, bridges, hard-surfaced roads
Largest & most ambitious new deal agency

10. National recovery administration and nira
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NIRA: NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
Ambitious program: Wanted to combine immediate relief w/ long-range recovery & reform
goal: to eliminate "cut-throat competition" by bringing industry, labor, and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices. Minimum wages set.

11. AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACTS
AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ADMINISTRATION (AAA)
Established farm subsidies (we still have today)
reduced agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land. purpose was to reduce crop surplus & therefore effectively raise the value of crops.

12. The dust bowl
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Prolonged drought causing overfarmed topsoil to move in furious winds

13. The dust bowl

14. Causes & consequences of the dust bowl
Causes: Drought & wind. Overfarming using dry farming techniques & mechanization
Consequences: people left the area. “okies” (people from Oklahoma) & “arkies” (people from Arkansas) moved to California
John Steinbeck’s the grapes of wrath chronicles the trek to California from oklahoma

16. Securities and exchange commission (sec)
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Enforces securities (any financial asset like stocks, bonds, etc) laws & regulates the industry.
mission: to protect investors; maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets; and facilitate capital formation
Still have this today

17. Tennessee valley authority (tva)
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See map on page 788
Brought: full employment, cheap electric power
(including to west Tennessee!), low-cost housing,
restoration of eroded soil, reforestation,
flood control

18. Social security act
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Federal-state unemployment insurance & security for old age (we still have this today) paid for by a payroll tax on employers & employees
Republicans hated & opposed it. Said employees would have to wear a metal dog tag for life.

19. Fair labor standards act
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Set a minimum wage & maximum-hour levels
Labor by children under 16 forbidden
Industrialists fought it
Fdr contd to be called a socialist by republicans & opponents
Republicans said the new deal promoted class strife & that people could get themselves out of the depression if they could only get the interventionist big govt off their backs.

20. US 50
Court packing
In 9 cases involving the new deal, Roosevelt had lost 7 times in the conservative court
Asked congress for legislation to allow him to add new justices (from 9 to 15 justices)=to “pack” the court
Costly political blunder

21. Keynesian economics
1937: unemployment down to 15% (but that’s still high)
Fdr embraced john maynard Keynes’ deficit spending (remember for senior year economics!)
Natnl debt skyrocketed

22. Cumberland homesteads
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A planned new deal community in the Cumberland plateau

23. Great smoky mountains national park
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Established in 1934 by fdr
Ccc camps set up and used to work

24. Norris Dam & Dale Hollow Lake Controversies