1. INDUSTRIALIZATION
CHAPTER 3

2. Warm-up Define the following Gross National Product Laissez-Faire
Entrepreneur
Cause- natural resources
Cause- large workforce
United States becomes an industrial nation
Cause- new inventions
Cause- government’s relation to business, laissez-faire

3. Learning Goal
I will discover the causes of US industrialization.

4. THE RISE OF INDUSTRY 3.1 Chapter 3 Section/Lesson 1
Essential Question: Why was the United States successful at industrialization?

5. Industrial Transformation
After the Civil War, the United States were still largely agricultural.
By 1920, the United States were the leading industrial power in the world.
This enormous growth was due to 4 factors…

6. Factors of Industrialization
Natural Resources
Large Workforce
New Inventions
Government’s Relation to Business

7. A. Black Gold
In 1959 Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil.
This breakthrough started and oil boom in the Midwest and later Texas.
The process was first used to extract kerosene, and the by-product gasoline was thrown out.

8. A. Abundance of Resources
The United States had vast natural resources including timber, coal, iron, and copper.
This meant that American companies could obtain resources cheaply and did not have to import from other countries.

9. B. Large Workforce
Between 1860 and 1910, the population of the United States nearly tripled which provided a large workforce for industry.
Population growth grew from two sources- large families and a flood of immigrants.
Many Chinese and European immigrants moved to U.S. in search of a better life.
Between 1870 and 1910, 17 million immigrants arrived in the United States.

10. BESSEMER CONVERTOR CIRCA 1880
C. New Inventions
Oil was not the only valuable natural resource
Coal and iron were plentiful within the U.S.
When you removed the carbon from iron, the result was a lighter, more flexible and rust resistant compound – Steel
The Bessemer process did just that (Henry Bessemer & William Kelly)
BESSEMER CONVERTOR CIRCA 1880

11. BROOKLYN BRIDGE SPANS 1595 FEET IN NYC
NEW USES FOR STEEL
The railroads, with thousands of miles of track, were the biggest customers for steel
Other uses emerged: barbed wire, farm equipment, bridge construction (Brooklyn Bridge ),and the first skyscrapers
BROOKLYN BRIDGE SPANS 1595 FEET IN NYC

12. ELECTRICITY
1876- Thomas Alva Edison established the world’s first research lab in New Jersey
There Edison perfected the incandescent light bulb in 1880
Later he invented an entire system for producing and distributing electricity
By 1890, electricity powered numerous machines
EDISON

13. THE TYPEWRITER Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in 1867
His invention forever affected office work and paperwork
It also opened many new jobs for women
1870: Women made up less than 5% of workforce 1910: They made up 40%

14. D. Government’s Relation to Business
Free enterprise system attracted many entrepreneurs to invest their capital into inventions and businesses.
Laissez-faire ideology allowed people to invest freely without government interruption.