1. Chapter 19: The First World War
Homework:
Guided Reading: Ch
Imperialism and World War I Test [Monday 3/27]

2. I. Causes  MAIN M ilitarism—building large armies in case of war
A lliances—give security
- Triple Entente or Allies—France, Britain, Russia
- Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
I mperialism—expand empires  competition
N ationalism—devotion to own interests and cultures

3. II. Whose side to take?
at first, most support neutrality  making $$$ off both sides
many become divided
- naturalized citizens
- ties to British ancestry
- stronger economic ties w/ Allies than w/ Central Powers
US mobilizes to:
1. ensure Allied repayments of debt
2. prevent Ger threats to shipping

4. III. War Hits Home British blockade of Ger  angered US merchants
Ger U-Boat response
- counter-blockade of Britain
u-boat sinks British ship [Lusitania]
- 1,260 civilians killed  128 Americans
US public opinion turns
Pres Wilson warns Ger  temporary stop

5. IV. US Declares War
Germany losing war  brings back unrestricted submarine warfare
- 4 US ships sunk
Zimmerman Note [Ger telegram Mex] intercepted by British spies
- Ger offers Mex aid to get lands back
- Mex must invade US
Congress declares war [April 6, 1917]

6. I. Raising an Army Selective Service Act (May 1917)
some volunteers, but not enough
draft (conscription) males between required to register
- random lottery

7. II. Turning the Tide Convoy System
used to combat German U-boat attacks
US Navy escorted merchant ships
- cut losses in half
- set mines in N Atlantic to stop U-boats

8. Hazards of War
Machine Gun
Tank
Poison Gas
Airplane
Shell Shock

9. B. Fighting “Over There”
Gen John Pershing leads American Expeditionary Force (AEF) to Europe
- determine own strategy
German signs armistice on Nov 11, 1918

11. C. Selling the War (cost $35 billion)
Progressive Tax: make more $  pay more $
Excise Tax: alcohol, tobacco, luxury goods, etc.
“Liberty” and “Victory” bonds: public loans to gov’t paid back w/ interest
Committee on Public Info: creates propaganda

12. Propaganda: spreading ideas to influence opinions
Common Objectives of Wartime Propaganda
1. Recruit soldiers
2. Pay for war
3. Conserve Resources
4. Volunteer at Home/Organization
Common Tools Used in Wartime Propaganda
1. Emotional Appeals: fear, guilt, sympathy, etc.
2. Patriotic Appeals
3. Catchy Slogans: memorable phrases
4. Humor or Caricatures: making fun of the enemy