1. The Muslim Empires
Chapter 21

3. Ottoman Empire

5. Strengths of the Ottoman Empire

6. Control of Trade Wealth from Trade Superior Technology location
control of waterways
Wealth from Trade
Superior Technology

7. Ottoman Leaders

8. Osman I (1299-1326) began conquest and expansion
established bureaucracy
diwan – governmental body in Islamic states

9. Tamerlane (1336-1405) aka Timur Turkish-Mongol conqueror
rival of Ottomans
hoped to restore Mongol Empire
1402 – defeats the Ottomans

10. Mehmet I (1413-1421) recognized Byzantines as “father and overlord”
formed first Janissaries

11. Janissaries
infantry units
formed sultan’s household troops

12. initially formed of dhimmi
non-Muslims
Christian youths, prisoners of war

13. Mehmet II captured Constantinople (1453)
wanted to conquer former Roman Empire
made himself absolute sovereign
total power

14. End of Byzantine Empire
Muslims change European names
Constantinople to Istanbul

15. Hagia Sophia
former church converted to mosque by Ottomans

16. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)
peak of development (cultural, economic)
known as
“the Magnificent” – b/c of splendors of his court
kanuni – “law giver”
combined Ottoman and Islamic legal codes

17. Crisis ( )

18. Reasons for Crisis expense and order of firearms
new world silver = inflation
use of mercenaries
janissaries marry and leave

19. “The Sick Man of Europe”
Ottoman Empire (1600s-1938)

20. Reasons for Decline luxury of sultans loss of territory
failure of their strengths

21. Luxury

22. Topkapi Palace

23. Topkapi Harem
living quarters of sultan

24. The Fruit Room
used for dining

25. End of the Ottoman Empire

26. Reasons Nationalism Imperialism World War I
people ruled by Ottomans wanted independence
Imperialism
led to large European navies
World War I
sided with Germany

27. The Safavid Empire

29. Characteristics present day Iran Shi’a Islam land based empire
no navy, Europe controlled coast

30. Attempt at Expansion Battle of Chaldiran (1514) battle of ideals
Safavids routed, but Ottomans can’t finish the job

31. Abbas the Great (1588-1629) revived glory of ancient Persia
force and diplomacy against Ottomans
alliances w/ European states

32. toleration for non-Muslims
new capital (Isfahan)

33. Isfahan v. Istanbul Isfahan Istanbul inland city few Europeans
little ethnic diversity
busy port city
colony of Europeans
cosmopolitan
women seldom seen in public

34. Decline small/unproductive industry little agricultural innovation
expense of firearms
warfare w/ Ottomans
inflation (cheap silver)
ends in 1722

35. Mughal Dynasty

37. Expansion
Akbar
combo of military and social policies

38. Most important- cooperation with Hindus
intermarriage
rid of jizya
promotions in government
new temples
respect for cows

39. invents a new faith…Din-i-Ilahi

40. Social Reform improves calendar taking care of beggars
regulating alcohol

41. most visionary …women’s reforms
remarriage for widows
discouraged child marriages
prohibited sati
market days for women

42. Decline
no surprise…taxes, uprisings, overextension