1. Bio& 241 A&P Unit 4 Lecture 3

2. Review – write out: *Order and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from formation to circulation *Embryonic development – fill in blanks
Word bank: (may be used more than once)
Metencephalon Mesacephalon Telencephalon
Diencephalon Rhombencephalon Myelencephalon
Prosencephalon

10. Spinal Cord anatomy

11. Position of the Spinal Cord in relationship to the Vertebral Foramen

12. Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
Posterior C B K N E I J A G D F L M
Anterior

13. Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

14. Ascending and Descending Tracts of the Spinal Cord

15. Patellar reflex
Achilles reflex

16. Newborn reflexes
Root reflex
Suck reflex
Moro reflex
Tonic neck reflex
Grasp reflex
Babinski reflex
Step reflex

17. Spinal Nerves Cervical nerves 8 pairs Thoracic Nerves 12 pairs
Lumbar Nerves 5 pairs
Sacral Nerves 5 pairs
Coccygeal Nerves 1 pair
Total pairs

18. Spinal Plexuses and Nerves
Cervical Plexus (C1-C5)
Phrenic nerve
Brachial Plexus (C5-T1)
Axillary nerve, Radial nerve, Ulnar nerve
Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4)
Femoral nerve, Genitofemoral nerve
Sacral Plexus (L4-S4)
Sciatic nerve, Pudendal nerve

20. Cervical plexus
Nerve
Distribution
Phrenic
Diaphragm

21. Brachial plexus Axillary Deltoid, teres minor Radial
Triceps brachii, extensor of the forearms
Median
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis
Ulnar
Flexor carpi ulnaris, skin of the medial side of hand, 5th finger, medial half of 4th finger

22. Lumbar plexus Genitofemoral
Cremaster muscle, skin over middle anterior surface of the thigh, scrotum and Labia majora
Femoral
Flexor muscles of thigh, leg extensor muscles, skin over anterior and medial thigh, medial leg and foot

23. Sacral plexus
Sciatic
Combination of two nerves, tibial and common peroneal, innervates most of lower leg.
Pudendal
Muscle of the perineum, skin of the penis and scrotum, clitoris, labial majora, labial minora, and vagina

24. Spinal Nerves from the Cervical and Brachial plexuses
Distribution
Phrenic
Diaphragm
Axillary
Deltoid, teres minor
Radial
Triceps brachii, extensor of the forearms
Ulnar
Flexor carpi ulnaris, skin of the medial side of hand, 5th finger, medial half of 4th finger

25. Spinal Nerves from the Lumbar plexus
Distribution
Median
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis
Genitofemoral
Cremaster muscle, skin over middle anterior surface of the thigh, scrotum and Labia majora
Femoral
Flexor muscles of thigh, leg extensor muscles, skin over anterior and medial thigh, medial leg and foot

26. Spinal Nerves from the Sacral plexus
Distribution
Sciatic
Combination of two nerves, tibial and common peroneal, innervates most of lower leg.
Pudendal
Muscle of the perineum, skin of the penis and scrotum, clitoris, labial majora, labial minora, and vagina

27. Dermatomes
Senses from spinal nerve or Trigemonal cranial nerve V

28. Review of Cranial Nerves

29. Cranial Nerves

31. Cranial Nerves Olfactory nerve Sensory
Location: olfactory foramen, cribriform plate
 Smelling

32. Cranial Nerves (II) Optic nerve Sensory Location: Optic foramen
 Sight

33. Cranial Nerves (III) Oculomotor nerve Motor
Location: superior orbital fissure
 Eye muscle movement

34. Cranial Nerves (IV) Trochlear nerve Motor
Location: superior orbital fissure
 Superior oblique muscle

35. Cranial Nerves (V) Trigeminal nerve Sensory and motor 3 branches
1. Ophthalmic branch
Location: Superior orbital fissure
 orbit cornea, upper eyelid, nose, forehead skin, sinuses
2. Maxillary branch
Location: Foramen rotundum
 lower eyelid, temple, cheek, lip, palate, pharynx, teeth
3. Mandibular branch
Location: Foramen ovale
 sensory, temporal, lip, meatus, jaw regions, motor for mastication, ear ossicles

37. Cranial Nerves (VI) Abducens nerve Motor
Location: superior orbital fissure
 Lateral rectus muscle

38. Cranial Nerves (VII) Facial nerve Sensory and motor
Location: internal auditory meatus
 Taste buds, facial expression, glands

39. Cranial Nerves (VIII) Vestibulocochlear nerve Sensory
Location: Internal auditory/acoustic meatus
 equilibrium, hearing

40. Cranial Nerves (IX) Glossopharyngeal nerve Sensory and motor
Location: jugular foramen
 Taste buds, senses, swallowing, salivary

41. Cranial Nerves (X) Vagus nerve Sensory and motor
Location: jugular foramen
 Visceral impulses, muscles of airway, intestines, gallbladder

42. Cranial Nerves (XI) Spinal Accessory nerve Motor
Location: Jugular foramen
 pharynx, larynx, soft palate, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle

43. Cranial Nerves (XII) Hypoglossal nerve Motor
Location: hypoglossal canal
 Tongue for speech and swallowing

44. Propagation of an AP along neuron

45. Propagation of an AP along neuron

46. Communication between neurons at a synaptic junction