1. Early Modern Europe I: Resurgence & Renaissance
Northern
Renaissance
Honors History 9
Early Modern Europe I: Resurgence & Renaissance

2. Origins &
Characteristics

3. Origins & Characteristics Origins, Ca. 1450
Population begins to recover following the Plague.
Hundred Years’ War between France and England ends in 1453.
Rapid growth of industries and commerce.
First occurred in Flanders, then spread to England, France, and Germany.
Map Of The Hundred Years’ War

4. Origins & Characteristics Origins, Ca. 1450
Stronger, unified nations emerge.
England, France, Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands all develop.
Germany is still separated, but have more communication than the Italian city-states.
Purchased Renaissance paintings, hired Renaissance artists, sent children to Italian universities for education.
Map Of Europe, Ca. 1430

5. Origins & Characteristics Origins, Ca. 1450
Flanders becomes the artistic center of Northern Europe.
Financial and trading center that had a high level of education.
Tulip, Symbol Of The United Provinces

6. Origins & Characteristics Characteristics
Not as influenced by the Greco-Roman classics.
Very few ancient texts and masterpieces survived the Middle Ages in the North.
Italian Renaissance mingles with Northern traditions, but does not dominate.
Medieval Viking Raid

7. Origins & Characteristics Origins, Ca. 1450
More of a revolution in writing than painting.
Used the printing press to spread ideas more quickly.
Served as the basis for Northern European reform movements.
More participation in the government.
Direct cause of the Protestant Reformation.
Oil-based painting becomes dominant.
Does not dry quickly, so it could blend more easily.

8. Northern
Artists,
Writers, &
Reformers

9. Northern Artists Albrecht DÛrer
Father of the Northern Renaissance. The Da Vinci of the North.
Painter, sculptor, engraver, writer, inventor.
Studied techniques in Italy.
Self-Portrait

10. Northern Artists Albrecht DÛrer
Best known for woodcuts and engravings.
Engravings are a form of art in which an artists etches a design on a metal plate using acid.
Used themes of religion and daily life.
Reichstag, 1945

11. Northern Artists Jan van Eyck
Flemish painter, known for realist portrayals of town and religious life.
Paid careful attention to details.
Reichstag, 1945

12. Northern Artists Pieter Bruegel
Everyday scenes of country landscapes and city life.
Very influential on the Northern style.
Reichstag, 1945

13. Northern Artists Peter Paul Reubens
Used more of the Greco-Roman traditions in his large paintings.
Reichstag, 1945

14. Northern Writers Johannes Gutenberg & The Printing Press
Northern writers benefited greatly from the invention of the movable type printing press in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg in 1453.
Easier and faster to copy than hand-written books.
Books become cheaper.
More people learn how to read because they can afford it.
Reichstag, 1945

15. Northern Writers Johannes Gutenberg & The Printing Press
Access to current information about science, religion, medicine, and law.
Exposed Europeans to new ideas.
Began questioning the existing order of things, including the Catholic Church.
Reichstag, 1945

16. Northern Writers FranÇois Rabelais
Began as a monk, studied the classics medicine.
Curious about the world.
“Abandon yourself to Nature’s truths, and let nothing in this world be unknown to you.”
Reichstag, 1945

17. Northern Writers FranÇois Rabelais
Gargantua and Pantagruel.
Two giants created by Rabelais.
Were humorous characters through which Rabelais gave his views on many subjects, including education and the Catholic Church.
Believed that humans were basically good, just flawed.
Reichstag, 1945

18. Northern Writers Miguel de Cervantes
Spanish writer, wrote Don Quixote.
Mocked the medieval ideas of chivalry and the nobility.
Don Quixote, a nobleman, was unable to adapt to a changing, more intellectual world.
Reichstag, 1945

19. Northern Writers Shakespeare
English poet and playwright, regarded as the greatest ever.
Invented over 1700 words in the English language.
Revered the classics and drew upon them as the basis for many of his plays.
Discussed the flaws and struggle of human beings.
Reichstag, 1945

20. Northern Writers Shakespeare
Works include The Sonnets, MacBeth, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, Romeo & Juliet, Henry VIII, and A Midsummer’s Night Dream.
Reichstag, 1945

21. Northern Writers Shakespeare
Plays performed at the Globe Theater.
Prices cheap, open to all classes.
The poor are going to be entertained, but also learn about Renaissance ideals.
Reichstag, 1945

22. Northern Reformers The Christian Humanists
Wanted the Catholic Church to return to its early traditions and the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Reichstag, 1945

23. Northern Reformers Desiderius Erasmus Of Holland
Knew Greek.
Was able to study the earliest versions of the New Testament.
Less influenced by the interpretations (sometimes fraudulent) of the Bible as put out by the Catholic Church.
Reichstag, 1945

24. Northern Reformers Desiderius Erasmus Of Holland
Praise of Folly.
Points out the ignorance of Christianity in clergy members.
Criticized the pomp and ritual of the Church.
Wanted to focus on the teachings of Christ.
Reichstag, 1945

25. Northern Reformers Desiderius Erasmus Of Holland
Praise of Folly.
To the Popes in particular and Christians in general.
“You worship the saints, you like to touch their relics; do you want to [emulate] Peter and Paul? Then copy the faith of the one and the charity of the other and you will have done more than if you had walked to Rome ten times.”
Reichstag, 1945

26. Northern Reformers Desiderius Erasmus Of Holland
Vernacular.
Everyday language of the people.
Writing in the vernacular, instead of Latin and Greek, allows more people to understand the information.
Translates the Bible into the vernacular.
More people can read the Bible for themselves.
Could interpret the message of Jesus, did not need the Church.

27. Northern Reformers Thomas More of England
Goal: literature should serve Christian goals.
Reichstag, 1945

28. Northern Reformers Thomas More of England
Utopia.
Described an ideal society in which people lived in peace and harmony with one another.
Created an imaginary kingdom to show how this society should be organized.
Based his ideals upon the application of pure Christianity.
People worked hard, were well educated, and had no use for money.
Valued cleanliness, peace, harmony, and equality.

29. Northern Reformers Thomas More of England
Utopia.
Extremely influential to later generations, including government reformers, socialists, and communists.
Reichstag, 1945