1. The World as an Apple About 30% of Earths surface is land
About 1/8 of the surface is uninhabited (Polar, deserts, mountains etc.)
About 1/8 of the surface is livable, but not necessarily where we grow food.
3/32 are covered with human activities or are not good for growing food.
1/32 is the surface of the earth that is arable, which needs to support over 7 Billion people.

2. The World as an Apple 70+% of the earth surface is water
97.5% of all water is salt water
2.5% Fresh water
Nearly 70% of all fresh water is frozen in icecaps
Nearly 30% of all fresh water is in soil or deep underground
<1% of the world’s fresh water is accessible for human use
(.007% of all water on earth)

3. World
Food

4. Is there enough food to feed the world?
What kind of information would you need to know to answer this question?
Food required to keep people healthy (calories)
2000 per person per day
Total Population
7.? Billion
(not considering nutrition, just calories)
Vitamins, minerals, carbs, fat, protein, etc.)
Food required to keep people healthy (calories)—average of 2000 per person per day
Amount of food production (grains +)
Population 6.8 Billion
We do not consider nutrition (vitamins, minerals, carbs, fat, protein, etc) in this lesson, just energy (calories)

5. Food Production
Agriculture refers to the production of food through farming, ranching and fishing.

6. Percent of Labor Force Involved in Agriculture
What question does this map raise?

7. The Facts
Hunger
25,000 people (adults and children) die every day from hunger and related causes Source: FAO & The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2006
Approximately million people in the world do not get the food they need to live a healthy life. That is nearly one out of every nine people on earth. more than the populations of USA and the countries of Western Europe. That figure is down 167 million over the past decade and is 216 million less than in
Source: 2016 FAO Stats
-- Hunger kills more people each year than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined.
Source: FAO, The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015
Malnutrition
Lack of Vitamin A kills a million infants a year Source: Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency, A Global Progress Report, UNICEF
Iron deficiency is impairing the mental development of percent children in developing countries Source: Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency, A Global Progress Report, p2, UNICEF
Price and income swings can significantly affect the poor and hungry. When prices rise, consumers often shift to cheaper, less-nutritious foods, heightening the risks of micronutrient deficiencies and other forms of malnutrition, which can have long-term adverse effects on people’s health, development and productivity.
Source: FAO, The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014

8. Caloric Intake as % of Requirements

9. If there is enough food to feed the world, why are people still suffering from malnutrition and starvation?
Uneven distribution
Poverty
Energy production competing with food production
Climate change/natural disasters
Land use
Transportation
Governments

10. Hunting and Gathering Most basic way of life
Rely on nature for food, gather naturally growing plants and hunt wild animals.
Very time consuming, supports only small populations.

11. Food Production
People began to farm about 10,000 years ago as people began to switch from hunting and gathering for farming and ranching
(1st Agricultural Revolution)

12. Percent of Labor Force Involved in Agriculture

13. Subsistence Farming
Produce just enough food to feed themselves and their families.
Characterized by small farm plots and manual labor.
Majority of the world population is involved in this type of agriculture.

14. Commercial Farming
Large scale farming where crops are raised to sell in market.
Characterized by large farms and modern equipment.
Very productive

15. Tractor Use

16. Thomas Malthus
Malthus (1798) theorized that the population grows _______,
while the food supply only grows ______________.
When the population exceeds the carrying capacity of the land,
then mass _____________ occurs.

18. Was Malthus’ prediction correct?
Partly. Population has increased exponentially, but food production
has kept up with population through innovation (agricultural revolutions)

19. 2nd Agricultural Revolution
Result of the Industrial Revolution (late 1700s-1800s) where machines replace hand labor.
Increase in food production due to soil science, animal science and machines.
Increased population as surplus food produced.
Net Crop Yield (bushels per acre)
Year
Wheat
Rye
Barley
Oats
Peas
1700–1749
13.79
14.82
15.08
12.27
10.23
1750–1799
17.26
17.87
21.88
20.90
14.19
1800–1849
23.16
19.52
25.90
28.37
17.85
1850–1899
26.69
26.18
23.82
31.36
16.30

20. Green Revolution (3rd Agricultural Revolution)s
Implementation of farming technologies like pesticides, irrigation systems, synthetic fertilizers, and improved crop varieties.
Grain production more than doubled due to Green Revolution.

21. GM Revolution Genetically Modified
Splice bits of DNA from one plant or animal into another to create crops that are more disease or drought resistant, that don’t spoil as fast, are more nutritional, or produce more food per acre.
Common GM crops
(4th Agriculture Revolution)

22. Japan vs. Nigeria: Who goes hungry
Nigeria has rich volcanic soil perfect for agriculture and a year long growing season.
Japan is a small rocky country with poor soil and a short growing season.
Nigeria historically suffers from malnutrition and hunger.
Japan is one of the best fed countries in the world.

23. Food Production & Distribution
World hunger crises caused by:
Natural Disasters
Drought
Flooding
Insects
And by….
Culture
Poverty
Poor farming techniques
Poor transportation
War
Land Use/Crop Use

26. Food-Energy Pyramid Beef 8:1 Pork 3:1 Energy Loss Chicken 2:1
Fish 1.5:1
Grain 1:1

27. Meat vs. Grain It takes 700 pounds of grain to raise a pig.
From that pig you could live 49 days getting your 2,200 calorie minimum.
From the grain it took to raise the pig you could live for more than 500 days.

28. Dietary Energy Consumption (Calories per day)

29. Percent of Population that is Undernourished

30. Why will food production need to increase?
Some estimate food production will need to double the amount of food produced to feed an estimated 9 billion people by 2050.
Why would we need to double food production if the population will not double?
As less developed countries become more developed economically, their diet often changes to eat more meat. If people eat more meat, then grain production has to increase because much of the grain is feed to animals instead of people.

31. Hungry Planet: What the World Eats
Peter Menzel

32. Just imagine . . .
. . . what your family would typically eat in a week.
. . . you placed the food that you would eat all together on the table.
What would it look like?
The photojournalist Peter Menzel did just that in different countries and his photos were published in the book “Hungry Planet” (2005)

33. Italy: The Manzo family of Sicily Food expenditure for one week: 214
Italy: The Manzo family of Sicily Food expenditure for one week: Euros or $260.11

34. Germany: The Melander family of Bargteheide Food expenditure for one week: 375.39 Euros or $500.07

35. Japan : The Ukita family of Kodaira City Food expenditure for one week: 37,699 Yen or $317.25

36. United States: The Revis family of North Carolina Food expenditure for one week: $341.98

37. Mexico: The Casales family of Cuernavaca Food expenditure for one week: 1, Mexican Pesos or $189.09

38. Egypt: The Ahmed family of Cairo Food expenditure for one week: 387
Egypt: The Ahmed family of Cairo Food expenditure for one week: Egyptian Pounds or $68.53

39. Ecuador: The Ayme family of Tingo Food expenditure for one week: $31

40. Chad: The Aboubakar family of Breidjing Camp Food expenditure for one week: 685 CFA Francs or $1.23

41. Land Use Number of people 2
Land Use Number of people 2.5 acres of land would support by raising the following:

42. Water Usage Number of gallons of water required to produce 1 pound of the following:

43. Solutions What can we do? Food Production
Teaching sustainable agriculture practices to developing countries
Range fed rather than feed lot
Distribution
Canned food drive
Fasting

44. Solutions
Production
Teaching sustainable agricultural practices to developing countries
Range fed rather than feed lot animals or use waste food for animals
Land usage
Paying farmers to grow food
Distribution
Canned food drive
Fasting
Food Production
Teaching sustainable agriculture practices to developing countries
Range fed rather than feed lot
Distribution
Canned food drive
Fasting

45. What is something you and your family can do to make a difference?

46. Bhutan: The Namgay family of Shingkhey Village Food expenditure for one week: ngultrum or $5.03

47. United Kingdom- $253.15

48. Turkey- $145.88

49. Mali--$26.39