1. What makes you the person that you are?
Identify characteristics you believe all humans share.
i.e. emotions

2. What does it mean to be human? What is the source of our “humanness”?
Are we born with these human characteristics
Or, do we develop them through our interactions with others?

3. Give an example of an influence in your own life of each.
QUICK FIRE
Nature v. Nurture: Which do you believe has the most influence on the development of an individual? Explain.
Give an example of an influence in your own life of each.

5. Nature Versus Nurture Nature Nurture
A personality is the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual.
Heredity is the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children
Instinct is an unchanging biologically inherited behavior
Sociobiology searches for the biological basis of all social behavior
Nature
Social environment can imprint characteristics on a child
Pavlov’s experiments showed that behavior could be taught
Most social scientists believe personality arises from a mixture of both nature and nurture
Nurture –

6. Socialization
SOCIALIZATION - The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self- identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

7. QUICK FIRE
Where are you in the birth order of siblings? First? Middle? Last? Only?
Write five words that describe your personality.
Choose one of your siblings.
Where is he/she in the birth order?
Write five words that describe his/her personality.

9. Factors in Personality Development
Heredity
Characteristics present at birth include hair type, eye color, and certain aptitudes.
Biological needs include hunger and thirst.
Culture decides how you will use or satisfy hereditary characteristics.
Birth Order
Personalities are influenced by brothers and sisters.
Early-born siblings have different traits than later-born siblings.
Parental Characteristics
Age, level of education, religious orientation, economic status, cultural heritage, and occupation of parents can shape personalities of children.
The Cultural Environment
Each culture has set “model personalities.”
Individuals experience a culture in different ways.

10. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall
Do you ever think about how other people see you?

11. QUICK FIRE
Think about meeting the parents of “The One”. What kind of things will you consider as you prepare for your first meeting?
“No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” - Eleanor Roosevelt
Do you agree or disagree? Explain.

12. The Development of Self
Socialization is the interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society. There are many theories of how individuals gain a self, or distinct identity that separates you from other members of society.

13. Cooley: The Looking-Glass Self
Process by which we develop an idea of self based on how we think we appear to others
Three-step process
Imagine how we appear
Imagine what judgments people might make
Alter our behavior based on our perception of their judgments
Begins in infancy but continues throughout life

14. Negative impact on self image
Skewed image of oneself

16. Illustrating Socialization Theories
Each group will be responsible for creating an illustration, cartoon, or visual metaphor representing the ain ideas of your assigned theory and vocabulary.
Read through your assigned section.
Identify the key ideas regarding the socialization process (Make sure vocabulary is explained.)
Brainstorm and create a visual image that represent the main idea(s) of your theory
Be prepared to present and explain your image

17. Mead: Role-Taking Seeing ourselves as others see us is first step
A “clean slate” onto which anything can be written
Believed adults could shape newborns’ personality
Absorb the aspects of the culture they are in contact with
Locke: The Tabula Rasa
Seeing ourselves as others see us is first step
Eventually take on, or pretend to take on, the roles of others (role-taking)
Significant others are the people who are closest to us: parents, siblings, and others who directly influence our socialization
As an individual ages, significant others grow less important

18. Generalized-other
Occurs when an individual reaches a point in their socialization process that they have integrated the values and norms of a society in principle (not just because they don’t want to get punished)

19. Battle between the “me” and “I”
The part of one’s self that is responsible for spontaneous, unlearned behavior
The part of one’s self formed through socialization
Example:
The “I” wants to blurt out an answer in class as soon as it pops into your head.
The “me” (socialized) considers the possible negative consequences (learned through socialization) and holds the “I” back.

20. Click on the image above to play the Interactive.

21. The Presentation of Self
Dramaturgy
Theory suggested by Erving Goffman
States that social interaction is similar to a drama performance
Suggests people are an audience, judging each others’ performances, trying to determine each individual’s true character
Impression Management
Attempt to play the role well and manage the impressions that the audience receives
States that much of our time with others is spent trying to manage their impressions
Goffman’s theory suggests that an individual’s self can be changed according to audience.

23. What do we learn throughout the socialization process?
In pairs, brainstorm examples of things we learn from other people or groups throughout our life.
Use the following categories to help guide your brainstorming:
Physical - Norms
Values - Attitudes
Beliefs

24. Agents of Socialization
The primary agents of socialization in the United States are the family, the peer group, the school, and the mass media.
As the principal socializer of young children, the family is the most important agent of socialization in most societies.
As children grow older, forces outside the family—such as friends, school, and mass media—increasingly influence them.
Resocialization, or the process of learning new values and norms, can be voluntary or involuntary.

25. How do fairy tales help to socialize children?

26. Primary Agents
Sociologists use the term agents of socialization to describe the specific individuals, groups, and institutions that enable socialization to take place.
Most important agent in most societies
Usually first agent
Can be intentional or unintentional
Reflects the social groups family belongs to
The Family
Composed of individuals of roughly equal age and similar social characteristics
Particularly important during pre-teen and early teen years
Socialization focuses on values of the peer group
The Peer Group –

27. The School The Mass Media
Planned activities for the deliberate purpose of teaching skills
Extracurricular activities intended to prepare for a life in society
Transmit cultural values
Unintentional socialization comes from teachers and peer groups
The Mass Media
Mass media: instruments of communication that reach large audiences without personal contact between those sending and those receiving the information, such as films, television, and radio
Television is most common mass media
Both positive and negative behaviors and beliefs are learned from television

29. QUICK FIRE
Throughout your life, you have been resocialized upon entering new stages of life or new institutions, learning a new set of norms each time.
Identify an example of a time that you experienced resocialization. What norms did you have break away from and what new norms did you have to take on?

30. Resocialization
Resocialization involves a break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms.
Individuals choose to assume a new status
Examples include going to college
Voluntary Resocialization
Often occurs in total institutions, or a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society
Examples include joining the military
Involuntary Resocialization –

31. Reverend Jim Jones

32. Jonestown Guyana, South America

33. 900 members of Temple commit suicide on command

35. TOTAL INSTITUTIONS GULP! A SETTING IN WHICH PEOPLE ARE:
ISOLATED FROM SOCIETY
CONTROLLED BY STAFF
CHARACTERISTICS:
SUPERVISION OF ALL SPHERES OF A PERSON’S LIFE
STANDARDIZED, RIGID SYSTEM UNDERWHICH ALL LIVE
FORMAL RULES AND DAILY SCHEDULES FOR ALL
GULP! 15 15 15 15

36. QUICK FIRE 2
Identify a total institution (make sure it is an example of a TOTAL institution).
List ways in which the institution resocializes members to the new norms.
What is the process by which total institutions make a member give up old norms and take on new norms?

38. Functionalist View on Socialization
Groups work together to reinforce (socialize) basic norms, beliefs, and values.
i.e. the values of our legal system are reinforced by families and schools
When not socialized, chaos/fragmentation

39. Conflict Theory’s View of Socialization
Believe people are socialized to maintain status quo (don’t rock the boat!)
Higher social classes are able to maintain advantages