1. verbals
What Are Verbals? (with Examples) A verbal is a verb form which functions as a noun or an adjective. In English, there are three types of verbals: Participles (past participles and present participles). Gerunds Infinitives

2. GERUND
A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing ( V-ing) and functions as a noun
subject
direct object
subject complement
object of preposition

3. Gerund as subject: Gerund as object
Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we're trying to do.
Being the boss made Jeff feel uneasy.
Gerund as object
They do not appreciate my singing.
He can’t help talking so loudly.
I can’t stand her smoking in the office.
She dislikes playing badminton.
Have you finished working?
She suggested going for a movie.
Farah keeps talking about
He enjoys not working.

4. Gerund after preposition
Before leaving the house, she checked all windows. The police arrested him for speeding. You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.
Gerund as a subject complement
My cat's favorite activity is sleeping.
Tom's favorite tactic has been jabbering away to his constituents.
The best thing for your health is not smoking.

5. Infinitives The infinitive is used:
After certain verbs, adjectives and nouns.
a. Verb + infinitive
They hope to reach the party on time.
I want to try the new ice-cream flavour.
b. Adjective + infinitive
I’m happy to hear you are well.
She’s delighted to see him.
c. Noun + infinitive
I’ve got some homework to do.

6. Gerunds and Infinitives
Some verbs (e.g. love, hate, start, continue, begin, like, prefer) can take gerund or infinitive, with similar meanings.
Examples:
I love to eat chocolates.
I love eating chocolates.
I started to polish the car, but then decided not to.
I started polishing the car, but then decided not to.

7. LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND
1. admit
2. advise
3. anticipate
4. appreciate
5. avoid
6. complete
7. consider
8. delay
9. deny
10. discuss
11. dislike
12. enjoy
13. finish
14. forget
15. can't help
16. keep
17. mention
He admitted stealing the money.
She advised waiting until tomorrow.
I anticipate having a good time on vacation.
I appreciated hearing from them.
He avoided answering my question.
I finally completed writing my term paper.
I will consider going with you.
He delayed leaving for school.
She denied committing the crime.
They discussed opening a new business.
I dislike driving long distances.
We enjoyed visiting them.
She finished studying about ten.
I'll never forget visiting Napoleon's tomb.
I can't help worrying about it.
I keep hoping he will come.
She mentioned going to a movie.
18. mind
19. miss
20. postpone
21. practice
22. quit
23. recall
24. recollect
25. recommend
26. regret
27. remember
28. resent
29. resist
30. risk
31. stop
32. suggest
33. tolerate
34. understand
Would you mind helping me with this?
I miss being with my family.
They postpone leaving until tomorrow.
The athlete practiced throwing the ball.
He quit trying to solve the problem.
I don't recall meeting him before.
I don't recollect meeting him before.
She recommended seeing the show.
I regret telling him my secret.
I can remember meeting him when I was a child.
I resent her interfering in my business.
I couldn't resist eating the dessert.
She risks losing all of her money.
She stopped going to classes when she got sick.
She suggested going to a movie.
She won’t tolerate cheating during an examination.
I don't understand his leaving school.

8. LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES
1. afford
2. agree
3. appear
4. arrange
5. ask
6. beg
7. care
8. claim
9. consent
10. decide
11. demand
12. deserve
13. expect
14. fail
15. forget
16. hesitate
17. hope
18. learn
I can't afford to buy it
They agreed to help us.
She appears to be tired.
I'll arrange to meet you at the airport.
He asked to come with us.
He begged to come with us.
I don't care to 5U that show.
She claims to know a famous movie star.
She finally consented to marry him.
I have decided to leave on Monday
I demand to know who is responsible.
She deserves to win the prize.
I expect to enter graduate school in the full.
She failed to return the book to the library
I forgot to mail the letter.
Don't hesitate to ask for my help.
Jack hopes to arrive next week.
He learned to play the piano.
19. manage
20. mean
21. need
22. offer
23. plan
24. prepare
25. pretend
26. promise
27. refuse
28. regret
29. remember
30. seem
31. struggle
32. swear
33. threaten
34. volunteer
35. wait
36. want
37. wish
She managed to finish her work early.
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
I need to have your opinion.
They offered to help us.
I am planning to have a party.
We prepared to welcome them.
I pretends not to understand.
I promise not to be late.
I refuse to believe his story.
I regret to tell you that you failed.
I remembered to lock the door.
That cat seems to be friendly.
1 struggled to stay awake.
She swore to tell the truth.
She threatened to tell my parents.
He volunteered to help us.
I will wait to hear from you.
I want to tell you something.
She wishes to come with us.

9. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A (PRO) NOUN + AN INFINITIVE
38. advise
39. allow
40. ask
41. beg
42. cause
43. challenge
44. convince
45. dare
46. encourage
47. tweet
48. forbid
49. force
50. hire
She advised me to visit until tomorrow.
She allowed me to sue her car.
I asked John to help us.
They begged us to come
Her laziness caused her to fail.
She challenged me to race her to the corner.
We couldn't convince him to accept our help.
He dared me to do better than he had done.
He encouraged me to try again.
I expect you to be on time.
I forbid you to tell him.
They forced him to tell the truth.
She hired a boy to mow the lawn.
51. instruct
52. invite
53. need
54. order
55. permit
56. persuade
57. remind
58. require
59. teach
60. tell
61. urge
62. want
63. want
He instructed them to be careful.
Harry invited the Johnson to come to his house.
We needed Chris to help us figure out the solution
The judge ordered me to pay a fine.
He permitted the children to stay up late.
I persuaded him to come for a visit.
She reminded me to lock the door.
Our teacher requires us to be on time.
My brother taught me to swim.
The doctor told me to take these pills.
I urged her to apply for the lob.
I want you to be happy.
I warned you not to drive too fast.

10. Complete the sentences with the correct form, gerund or infinitive, of the words in parentheses.
1. Margaret challenged me _______ (race). 2. David volunteered _______ (bring) some food to the reception. 3. The students practiced _______ (pronounce) the "th" sound in the phrase "these thirty-three dirty trees." 4. In the fairy tale, the wolf threatened _____ (eat) a girl named Little Red Riding Hood. 5. Susie! How many times do I have to remind you _______ (hang up) your coat when you get home from school? 6. The horses struggled _______ (pull) the wagon out of the mud. 7. Janice demanded _______ (know) why she had been fired. 8. My skin can't tolerate _______ (be) in ilk sun all day long. I get sunburned easily. 9. I avoided _______ (tell) Mary the truth because I knew she would be angry. 10. Fred Washington claims _______ (be) a descendant of George Washington Alex broke the antique vase. I'm sure he didn't mean _______ (do) it. 12. I urged Al _______ (return) to school and (finish) his education. 13. Mrs. Freeman can't help _______ (worry) about her children. 14. I forbid you _______ (play) in the street. There's too much traffic. 15. My little cousin is a blabbermouth! He can't resist _______ (tell) everyone my secrets!

11. Gerund and infinitive
Yuri was in his first year at university, studying History. He was rather a lazy student, and he tended to avoid _________ (work) whenever he could. In the middle of the semester, his history professor gave out an assignment, due in two weeks. Yuri intended _________ (do) the assignment, but he postponed_________ (write) it for a week. The following week, he forgot _________ (do) it. The night before the assignment was due, he suddenly remembered it, and rushed to the library. He tried _________ (read) as much as possible on the topic, but there wasn't enough time. Yuri considered _________ (ask) for more time to do his paper, but the History professor was known to be very tough on students, so finally he decided_________ (cheat) and copy his paper from somewhere else. He found an old article on the same topic, and quickly typed it out. The next day, he submitted the paper. The following week, he was alarmed _________ (see) the professor approaching him, looking angry. "Is this your own work, or did you copy it?" asked the professor. Yuri denied _________ (copy) the paper. "If you expect me _________ (believe) that, you must think I am very stupid," said the professor. "Every word is taken from an article I wrote myself five years ago. Did you really think I would forget _______(write) it?"

12. Gerunds and Infinitives
A few verbs (such as ‘stop’, ‘remember’, ‘try’, ‘regret’ and ‘forget’) can be followed by either the gerund or the infinitive but the meanings are different.
Try to find current news
Try turning the TV off
You remember watching the Oscars
Remember to select the news that is worth your time
We shouldn’t stop to think which news is worth watching
Stop watching whatever is on
I regret to say I’m a fan myself!
We don’t regret wasting our time
News networks ‘forget to report the news related to other parts of the world.
We’re going to forget watching the 2010 World Cup final sooner than we think
make an effort to see if you can do something difficult
do something to see the result.
recall a past experience
not forget an obligation
pause in an activity in order to do something else
give up an activity
feel sorry about something you are going to do or say
feel sorry about something you did before
not do something because you forgot about it
do something and later forget that you did it

13. Gerunds and Infinitives
I always remember _______(turn) off all the lights before I leave my house.
I can remember _______(be) very proud and happy when I graduated.
I’ll never forget _______(carry) my wife over the threshold when we moved into our first home
I can’t ever forget _______(watch) our team score the winning goal in the last seconds of the game to capture the national championship.
Don’t forget _______(do) your homework tonight!
I regret _______ (inform) you that your loan application has not been approved.
I regret _______(listen, not) to my father’s advice. He was right.
When a student asks a question, the teacher always tries _______(explain) the problem as clearly as possible.
I tried everything, but the baby still wouldn’t stop crying. I tried _______(hold) him. I tried _______(feed) him. I tried (burp) him. I tried _______(change) his diapers. Nothing worked.