1. Human Vision

2. The Snellen Visual Acuity Chart

3. What is Meant by 20/20 vision?
At a distance of 20 feet, a normal eye can read the 20 foot line.
20/15 = person can see at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 15 feet
20/100 = person can see at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 100 feet

4. Ishihara tests for color deficiency

5. Nearsightedness – “myopia”
Eyeball is abnormally long
Image focuses in front of retina
Can see well at short distances, can’t see far

7. Farsightedness – “hyperopia”
Eyeball is abnormally short
Image focused behind retina
Unable to see close

9. Astigmatism
Blurred or distorted images due to imperfections in the shape of the cornea or lens

10. Cataract
Lens becomes opaque preventing light rays from reaching the retina
                       
                       

11. Hyphema
Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye due to a direct blow
May obscure all or part of the iris
May impair vision

12. Conjuctivitis “Pink Eye”
Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye
Burning, itching, yellow discharge
Viral or bacterial

13. Sty
Infection of the eyelid follicle
Moist heat packs
Do Not pop

14. Orbital Fractures Blowout Fracture:
A fracture to the eye orbit, particularly its floor.
The fracture may entrap some of the muscles that control eye movements

15. Impaled Object in Eye
                                                                                                        

16. Injuries to the Face and Spine

17. Jaw Fractures

18. LeFort Fractures

19. Orbital Fractures Blowout Fracture:
A fracture to the eye orbit, particularly its floor.
The fracture may entrap some of the muscles that control eye movements

20. Nasal Fractures

21. Epistaxis
Nosebleed
Direct pressure – 15 min.
DO NOT tilt head back

22. Cauliflower Ear (Hematoma Auris)
Bleeding and fluid accumulation between cartilage and skin
Excessive friction or trauma
Ice, compression, drainage?

23. Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa)
Infection of the ear canal due to moisture
Drops before swimming (3% boric acid and alcohol)

24. Sty
Infection of the eyelid follicle
Moist heat packs
Do Not pop

25. Conjuctivitis “Pink Eye”
Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye
Burning, itching, yellow discharge
Viral or bacterial

26. Hyphema
Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye due to a direct blow
May obscure all or part of the iris
May impair vision

27. Dental Injuries
                                                                      
                                                                      

28. Impaled Object in Eye