1. CSCE330 Computer Architecture
Dr. Khaled El-Ayat
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2. ٣٠/٦/٢٠١٣
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الشيخ عماد عفت
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علاء عبد الهادى
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أنا إن قدر الإله مماتى           لا ترى الشرق يرفع الرأس بعدى إننى حرة كسرت قيودى               رغم أنف العدا وقطعت قيدى مصر التى فى خاطرى وفى دمى أحبها من كل روحى ودمى
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3. Course--Overview “See the forest from the trees”
Technology & Computer Architecture
Review: MIPS instruction set architecture--, CISC vs. RISC ... (Chapter 2)
Computer Arithmetic, ALU design (Appendix C5,6) [Lab]
CPU Datapath and Control (Chapter 4) [Lab]
Pipelining (Chapter 4) [CPU simulator project]
Memory Hierarchy: Cache, virtual memory (Chapter 5)
Advanced Pipelining concepts, Multiprocessing, Multi-core technology
remind me to
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4. Prerequisite Knowledge
Basic machine (CPU) organization
processor, memory, I/O ; CSCE 231
Read and write C / C++/Java programs
Read and write in an assembly language; CSCE 231
Logic design Fundamentals; CSCE 230
NOTE: Must take CSCE 339 this semester!!
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5. Computing Devices Now Set-top boxes Sensor Nets Games Cameras Airbus
Media Players
Honda’sAsimo
Servers
Routers
Laptops
Smart phones
Automobiles
Supercomputers
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6. Google Driverless Prius
Granted U.S. patent — in its march to develop autonomous cars.
"Transitioning a Mixed-mode Vehicle to Autonomous Mode."
technologies that enable autonomous driving:
radar, video cameras and lasers.
Logged 140k miles testing in California / Nevada
Autonomous driving law adopted in Nevada
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7. ARM Smart Phone
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8. Desktop or Laptop
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9. Optical Mouse in action
Optical mice illuminate work surface with LED, to reveal microscopic pattern of highlights and shadows. Patterns are reflected onto navigation sensor, which takes pictures at a rate of 1500 images per second.
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10. Optical Mouse Image processing
The Navigation Engine identifies common features in sequential images to determine the direction and amount of mouse movement. Image B was taken while the mouse was moving, a short time after image A. It shows the same features as image A, only shifted down & to the left.
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11. Internet Routing 216.27.61.137 IP address Internet ? Routing
Routing
IP address
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12. 1/14

13. Parallel computing, security, … Domain of recent computer architecture
Architecture:: Abstraction Layers in Modern Systems
Application
Algorithm
Original domain of the computer architect
(‘50s-’80s)
Programming Language
Reliability, power, …
Parallel computing, security, …
Reinvigoration of computer architecture, mid-2000s onward.
Operating System/Virtual Machine
Domain of recent computer architecture
(‘90s)
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
Microarchitecture
Gates/Register-Transfer Level (RTL)
Circuits
Devices
Physics
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14. Operating System
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15. How Computer Handles Code
temp = v[k]; v[k] = v[k+1]; v[k+1] = temp; lw $15, 0($2) lw $16, 4($2) sw $16, 0($2) sw $15, 4($2) (MIPS binary machine program)
High level language program
Compiler
Assembly language program
Assembler
Machine language program
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16. Computer Basic Components
Since 1946 all computers have 5 components
Architecture: the manner in which the components of a computer system are organized
See The Big picture
Processor
Control
Datapath
Memory
Input
Output
In terms of the overall picture, by now we have covered all 5 components of the computer.
Today we will talk about how to interface the I/O devices to the processor and memory via busses and the OS software.
Next Wednesday, we will show you how multiple computers can be connected together with a network through the I/O devices.
+1 = 5 min. (X:45)
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17. Instruction Set Architecture
Interface b/w the hardware & lowest level software includes anything a programmer needs to know to make a binary machine language work
An implementation: hardware that obeys the architecture abstract
An architecture can have several different implementations
Modern instruction set architectures:
80x86/Core duo, Power (IBM), MIPS, SPARC, HP
Application software
system software
Hardware
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18. MIPS R3000 Instruction Set Architecture
Registers
Instruction Categories
Load/Store
Computational
Jump and Branch
Floating Point
Memory Management
Special
Addressing Modes
R0 - R31 PC HI LO
3 Instruction Formats: all 32 bits wide OP rs rt rd sa
funct OP rs rt
immediate OP
jump target
MIPS used this semester to explain architecture
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19. Forces on Computer Architecture
Technology
Programming
Languages
Applications
Computer
Architecture
Cleverness
History/Applications matters because
1) People buy computers to run programs
2) Most people don;’t write own programs
3) Documented IDA interface means people ship binary machine code
Operating
Systems
Power
History
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20. Nanotechnology advancements
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21. IC Manufacturing: How a Core Duo is made
Silicon ingot
Blank wafers
Patterned wafers
20 to 30 processing
steps
Tested packaged dies
Packaged dies
Tested
dies
Individual dies
(one wafer)
Slicer
Dicer
Die
tester
Ship to customers
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22. Evolution of Microprocessors
Transistor count
2K-10K
100K-1M
1M-100M
100M-5B
Clock Frequency
0.1-3Mhz
3-30Mhz
30M-1Ghz
1-3GHz
Instruction per cycle
< 0.1
CMP –Chip Multiprocessors a.k.a Multicore exist since 2001; Now mainstream – laptops, servers, smartphones, ..
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23. NASA mainframe in 1969 Moon landing less powerful than today’s PC
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