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Reflecting on ICT M Educational Computing Waves Computer Portability
Development of Thinking: Four Generations Catching the Third ICT Wave: Bereiter & Scardamalia M Mike Whiteman: Waitomo ICT Cluster
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Educational Computing Waves
Instructional Often unrelated to curriculum and required too much knowledge – eg turtle logo Problem Solving Pupils learning with and from the computer Behaviourist – teach skills such as touch typing Mind Tool A tool that could amplify cognition – huge time demands Media M
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Educational Computing
Instructional Behaviourist – teach skills such as touch typing Often unrelated to curriculum and required too much knowledge – eg turtle logo Problem Solving A tool that could amplify cognition – huge time demands Mind Tool Media Pupils learning with and from the computer M
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Computer Portability Fixed M Portable
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Development of Thinking: Four Generations
“Technological change is not additive; it is ecological. A new technology does not merely add something; it changes everything.” Postman (1992) gesture and action – using ‘calculate’ in a broad sense, people were the first computers – hand-tools from the axe to the abacus were the first generation of technology that extended human thinking Non-oral invention of speech – oral language is also a technology that stores information and procedures, as words – skills with speech still important today Speech creation of symbol based information systems – notches on sticks, carvings… – storing ideas moves from bone/stone to clay, skins, parchment and paper – writing systems emerge – the alphabet – numerals – writing and mathematics – these skills not always easy to master Symbols electronic computers – meaning of ‘computer’ shifts from a person to a machine – transformation of our thinking culture: calculation, communication, composition – can apply these to problem finding, problem framing, problem solving Machine M
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Catching the Third ICT Wave: Bereiter & Scardamalia
Technology as an imperative belief that schools must become computerised and networked to prepare children for the Information Age – huge amounts of money on hardware – teacher anxieties and resistances - “Oversold and Underused” Larry Cuban Use ICT in educationally appropriate ways “It isn’t the computers, its how you use them.” – the imperative is not just to adopt ICT but to use it in educationally appropriate ways – computer regains importance, but ICT is like an unexpected important guest at a dinner party for whom a place must be found – move of computers from suites back to the classroom ICT as ‘affordances’ ‘affordances” used in the sense of perceived action possibilities – educational ideas are primary, and various ICT affordances serve in realising a particular idea – Wave 3 educators never ask, “how can I integrate ICT into this activity?” Instead they think about how the class could evolve into a more successful knowledge building community M ?
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Catching the Third ICT Wave: What’s holding it back?
has not touched a large number of teachers – the words that describe this 3rd`wave are good, (inquiry, constructivism, collaboration, curiosity, higher-level thinking…), but many see Wave 2 as their limit learning objectives and tests often force the ‘good words’ to the sideline as adults we can be too easily impressed by students ICT skills – we tend to favour those who ‘show off’ these skills without analysing the content our lack of belief and trust that students really can function as active members of a worldwide knowledge-creating culture M
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