1. Second Agricultural Revolution
17th & 18th centuries
Developed in Europe
Coincided with Industrial Revolution
Improved methods of cultivating, harvesting, and storage of farm produce
Reading: The Industrial Revolution and Land Transformation

2. Reading Task: Identify six consequences the Industrial Revolution had on agriculture and mankind’s relationship with the land.

3. Changes: Rise of the Machines

4. Changes: Rise of the Machines

5. Changes: Rise of the Machines

6. Changes: New Technologies
Seed drill
Improved irrigation
New fertilizers
Artificial feeds (for livestock)
Mechanical reaper

7. European Crop Rotation

8. Changes: Population
The Industrial Revolution has a dramatic impact on human population.
Increase demand for food

9. Changes: New Jobs Less people working in agriculture
City populations grow
Factory jobs available
Farming goes from subsistence to commercial.

10. Subsistence vs. Commercial
Subsistence (LDC)
Commercial (MDC)
Purpose
Consumption
Farm size
Small
% of farmers
Majority of population
Machinery
Mostly by hand
Farms & other industries
Mostly isolated
Purpose
Off-farm sale
Farm size
Large
% of farmers
Minority of population
Machinery
Mostly mechanized
Farms & other industries
Highly integrated

11. Labor Force In Agriculture
In MDCs relatively few people work in agriculture.
In LDCs the percentage of people in agriculture can be very high – often a majority.

12. Machinery
The reason that a small number of farmers are able to feed large numbers of people in MDCs is because of machinery – tractors, cultivators, milking machines, etc.
Transportation systems are also important, as are the use of fertilizers, herbicides, advanced plant and animal breeding programs, and even electronic monitoring of crops.

13. Farm Size
Adapted from:
Data on farm size is hard to get – and different farm types (e.g. ranches vs. gardens) make meaningful comparisons difficult.
Nevertheless – we can say that in developed countries, farms do tend to be larger than in developing countries.

14. Diet: MDC vs LDC
The more developed a state is the higher the food consumption
Better food security: physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs.
Food is grown and shipped from far off places.
Less developed countries struggle more with food security and undernourishment (roughly 870 million people globally).
15% of population in LDC or developing countries undernourished compared to 5% in developed.
Most undernourished places: South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia.