1. Basic Elements of a Graph
Axes: Y (vertical), X (horizontal)
Axis Labels: Y (R), X (sessions, days, etc.)
Units (numbers) for Y and X axes
Data points: X-Y plots representing values of R across sessions
Phase-change lines: Vertical lines separating experimental conditions
Phase labels: Descriptions of experimental conditions

2. Multiple Plot, More than One Set of Data

3. Multiple Plot, More than One X Axis
In other cases, you might want to show and be able to compare two different people’s behaviors. When you do this, make sure that your x-axes line up with one another.

4. Multiple Plot, Double-Y Axis (Used when data represent different units of measurement)

5. Bar Graph (Used for Plotting Discontinuous Data)

6. Frequency Plot versus Cumulative Record
Frequency plot: Each data-point value is graphed separately
Cumulative record: Each data-point value is added to the previous value

7. Characteristics of Data Evaluated via Graphical Analysis
Level: Mean (average) value of a set of data

8. Characteristics of Data Evaluated via Graphical Analysis
Trend: Systematic change in level across measurements

9. Characteristics of Data Evaluated via Graphical Analysis
Variability: Degree of fluctuation in a data set around its mean