1. Commonly known as: Fats Oils Waxes Sterols like cholesterol
3rd Organic Molecule:
Lipids
Commonly known as:
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Sterols like cholesterol

2. 1. Organic Compounds Function of a lipid: Lipids are:
Made up of carbon-hydrogen bonds
Feels waxy or oily to the touch
Function of a lipid:
Long term stored energy
-stored in our adipose
tissue
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3. The Number Of Fat Cells Remains Constant In All Body Types
The number of fat cells in a person's body is determined during childhood and stays constant throughout a persons life, with about 10 percent of fat cells dying and being replaced annually
The Number Of Fat Cells Remains
Constant In All Body Types
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4. b. Main component of our cell membranes c. Insulates our body
Protects our major organs
e. Transports certain types of
vitamins and hormones around our body/ acts as a chemical messenger.
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5. Same set of elements found in carbs
Lipids are made up of:
C , H and O
Same set of elements found in carbs
……unused carbs get stored as body fat.
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6. Like carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are made up of repeating units
Like carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are made up of repeating units. The repeating units in lipids are called:
-Triglycerides
“3”
1 lipid is made up of:
1 glycerol molecule
3 fatty acid molecules
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7. Many bonds need to be broken during digestion to release the stored energy.
-need to add:
water and enzymes
“lipase”
H2O
Lipds are then broken down by the process “Hydrolysis”
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8. Lipids contain more energy per gram than any other food source…very calorie loaded
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9. Carbs vs Lipids 10 grams of sugar (carb) = 39 calories
10 grams of butter (lipid) = 72 calories
10 grams of chicken (protein) = 10 cal
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10. Types of lipids: FATS a. Are solid at room temperature
Lard
Butter
Meat
Egg yolks
Milk
Types of lipids:
FATS
a. Are solid at room temperature
b. Found in animal products
Examples:
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11. c. Known as “saturated” fats -unhealthy because they contain:
-heart unhealthy“cholesterol”
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12. Normally liquid at room temperature Found in plant products
2. OILS
Normally liquid at room temperature
Found in plant products
Margarine
Vegetable Oils
Nuts
Olives
Examples:
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13. Known as “unsaturated” fats/lipids
-contains same amount of calories as saturated but are more healthier for you because they do not contain cholesterol.
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15. a. Found in plants and animals b. Form of protection
Waxes
a. Found in plants and animals
b. Form of protection
-covers all major organs
c. Waterproof structures
Cuticle on leaves
Earwax
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16. a. Used to create our cell membranes.
Phospholipids
a. Used to create our cell membranes.
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17. Steroids a. 1000 units are formed naturally
each day in our body. Should have
no more than 1300 units per day.
b. The rest of the steroids comes from the
food we eat……which contain cholesterol
(type of steroid).
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18. Normal level of cholesterol:
-produced by all animals, including humans.
-is needed for many bodily functions and serves to
insulate nerve fibers, maintain cell walls and produce
vitamin D, various hormones and digestive juices.
-Cholesterol is produced by the liver.
LDL’s: Low Density Lipoproteins
Bad cholesterol
Clogs our arteries
HDL’s: High Density Lipoproteins
Good cholesterol
Moves cholesterol back to
liver for removal from body.
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19. Steroids also include digestive bile and sex hormones. 3 sex hormones:
estrogen
progesterone
testosterone
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20. Two test for the presence of lipids: 1. Brown Bag Test
-leaves a translucent spot
-light passes through it
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21. Yummy!!!!!!!
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22. 2. Solubility Test -lipids are soluble in lighter fluid BUT
insoluble in
water.
Remember: Likes dissolve likes
Lipids are nonpolar
Lighter fluid is nonpolar
water is polar
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23. Major problem with lipids:
In order for lipids to be transported to our cells they must be able to dissolve in the water of our blood.
But lipids are insoluble in water
Solution?????????
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24. Emulsification:
-lipids must be emulsified/surrounded by digestive bile salts.
-Bile is:
-made by liver
-stored in gall bladder
-slowly released into
small intestines
which is the only place
lipids are digested.
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25. When a lipid is emulsified It is totally surrounded by
the bile salt. The bile salt
is soluble in the water
of blood so the
lipid gets carried
away.
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26. Nucleic Acids -4th Organic Compound -made up of carbon
H, O, N and Phosphorus
-There are only two type:
-DNA
-RNA
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27. To Be Continued in a later chapter….
Function of nucleic acids:
-To store and transmit our genetic
code.
Nucleic Acids are made up of many repeating units known as nucleotides.
To Be Continued in a later chapter….
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