1. NEWTON’S LAWS
Jenna E., Rani N., Sherin T.

2. Newton’s First Law Inertia:
An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

3. Example 1: Ball
The ball remaining still is an example of an object at rest. It will remain at rest until acted on by a force (kick) which is an example of motion. The ball will remain to be in motion until it is reacted on by an external force (the wall).

4. Example 1: Ball (cont.)
AT REST
IN MOTION

5. Example 2: Marble Launcher
An example of an object at rest is the marble inside the launcher remaining unmoved. As the launcher is released, it shoots the marble. This is an example of an object in motion.

6. Example 2: Marble Launcher (cont)
AT REST
IN MOTION

7. Newton’s Second Law F=MxA:
The velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force.

8. Examples 1, 2, and 3
1: A golf ball is put at the top a ramp so that it will roll down and hit a cube piece, which weighs 13.5 g ( kg) that is stationed at the tip of the ramp’s end. The ball’s mass and acceleration will contribute to the distance the cube will travel after being hit by the golf ball.
2. The second example is the same as the one above but this time it is done with a bouncy ball which weighs less than the golf ball.
3. The third example is the same as the one above but this time it is done with a ping pong ball which is the lightest of the tested balls.

9. Example 1: Golf Ball Golf Ball Mass in kg 45.5 g = .0455kg
Acceleration of Ball
.17 m/s2
Force N
Distance Cube Traveled from each ball (shows the change of velocity)
11.5 in

10. Example 2: Bouncy Ball Bouncy Ball Mass in kg 14.5 g = .0145 g
Acceleration of Ball
.067 m/s2
Force N
Distance Cube Traveled from each ball (shows the change of velocity)
4 in

11. Example 3: Ping Pong Ball
Mass in kg
2.9 g = kg
Acceleration of Ball
.05 m/s2
Force N
Distance Cube Traveled from each ball (shows the change of velocity)
1 cm

12. Comparison Chart: F = MxA
*Cube: 13.5 g = kg
Golf Ball
Bouncy Ball
Ping Pong Ball
Mass in kg
45.5 g = .0455kg
14.5 g = kg
2.9 g = kg
Acceleration of each Ball
.17 m/s2
.067 m/s2
.05 m/s2
Force N N N
Distance Cube Traveled from each ball (shows the change of velocity)
11.5 in
4 in
.39 in
Notice that the greater the mass,= smaller (faster) the acceleration rate = greater the force = more distance cube travels on impact. (Also vice versa: smaller mass = bigger rate (slower) acceleration = less force = less distance cube travels on impact.

13. Newton’s Third Law Action-Reaction:
Every action has an equal opposite reaction.

14. Example 1: Pushing Against Wall
A person is pushing against a wall while the wall is also pushing back against the person with an equal force.
The action: The force of someone pushing against the wall
The reaction: The force of the wall pushing against the person

15. Example 2: Ball Bouncing
When the ball hits the ground after being thrown, the ball bounces upward with gravity pulling down on the ball the bring it back to the floor.
The action: The force causing the ball to bounce up
The reaction: The force of gravity pulling the ball down and the equal opposite reaction of the ground

16. Example 3: Car Against Wall
The trigger for the car pushes against the wall and the wall pushes against the trigger to accelerate the car.
The action: Car trigger pushes against the wall
The reaction: The wall pushes against the trigger with an equal force

17. Compare/Contrast: Example 1 & 2
Similarities
The action is someone applying force anto another object
The action engenders an equal and opposite reaction
The reaction is caused by an inanimate object like a wall or the floor
Differences
The reaction is the gravity in Example 2 whereas the reaction is the wall in Example 1.
In Example 2, the ball has a rebound, whereas the wall does not.
In addition to just one force (gravity) the floor is also pushing back as an equal reaction in Example 2