1. The Social Learning Theory of Aggression

2. Aggression
Discuss
What can cause children to behave aggressively?

3. Social Learning Theory (SLT)
Social learning is learning through observation, imitation and modelling or another person or role model.
Created by Albert Bandura
It is behaviourist, but does take into
account thought processes
Therefore it is also cognitive

4. Who do you look up to. Who is your role model
Who do you look up to? Who is your role model? Have you ever observed a behaviour that you have then copied?

5. Social Learning Theory
According the Bandura, there are 3 processes involved with Social Learning
Observation
Mental Representation
Maintenance through direct
Experience.
Mnemonic?

6. Example
Jane dyes her hair pink because her favourite celebrity has done so.
First Jane observed what the celebrity had done
Jane then made a mental representation of this information and the rewards it brought to her favourite celebrity
Jane reproduced this behaviour and if she received praise for her new look, it would be maintained by direct experience

7. Social Learning Theory
Using the three processes involved in social learning as outlined by Bandura, explain why a young girl may imitate her mother putting on makeup.

8. Factors involved in SLT
The more similar the role model is to the observer, the more likely that the behaviour will be imitated
Same gender
Same age or older
Also, if the role model is seen in a positive light
High status
Likeable
For the case of the little girl on the previous page, which of these factors might have made her more likely to copy her mother’s behaviour?

9. Vicarious Learning
Bandura stated that we are also influenced by observing the consequences of another person’s behaviour.
TASK
Come up with an example for each of the following:
Vicarious reinforcement
Vicarious punishment
Vicarious extinction

10. Applying Social Learning Theory to Aggression
TASK
Using the three aspects of SLT (OMM, factors involved in SLT and vicarious learning) explain how children might become aggressive. Think about which models children might learn this behaviour from.

11. Applying Social Learning Theory to Aggression
Children observe and learn from role models
At home (family)
At school (other children)
The media (TV, films, games)
They learn which behaviours are worth repeating
They have a mental representation of events they observe, and can anticipate reward and punishment.

12. Applying Social Learning Theory to Aggression
Explain how operant conditioning can maintain an aggressive behaviour that has been learned through social learning. Give an example to demonstrate your point.
Evidence for SLT of aggression
Bandura’s experiments on children
Bobo doll experiment
Watch the video, and briefly describe what behaviour the children showed. Does this support or contradict the social learning theory of aggression?

13. Applying Social Learning Theory to Aggression
A later experiment (Bandura and Walters 1963) showed children consequences of the adult’s behaviour
The model was rewarded for their behaviour
The model was punished for their behaviour
The model received neither punishment or reward
TASK
Fill in the blanks with the following words “vicarious punishment”, “vicarious reinforcement”.

14. Applying Social Learning Theory to Aggression
Using social learning theory, come up with an explanation of the riots that occurred throughout England during the summer. Make sure to use key terms (models, vicarious reinforcement, ARRM etc). Continue on the back of the paper if you need space.

15. Homework TASK (Exam Focus: Essay Structure pg. 5)
Using the scaffolding above (as well as the “How to answer exam questions” hand-out), complete an answer to the following question.
1b: Describe the social learning theory of aggression (8)