1. Generation of Transgenic Plants
leaf
single cell
transformation of cell (gene transfer)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
gene gun
protoplast transformation
regeneration
transformed cell
callus culture
transgenic plant
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

2. Cultivation of Transgenic Plants in 2005
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

3. Gene Transfer by Gene Gun (Biolistic)
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

4. Gene Transfer by Gene Gun in Plant Cells
pressure compartment
suppport for DNA-coated particles
breaking plate
DNA-coated particles
scattering grid
plant tissue in petri dish
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

5. Generation of Transgenic Plants
leaf
single cell
transformation of cell (gene transfer)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
gene gun
protoplast transformation
regeneration
transformed cell
callus culture
transgenic plant
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

6. RoundupReady Soy Beans (RRS)
Soy beans are processed to soy oil and bruised grain
food products contain soy oil (chips, ice cream, bakery products, candy bars...)
RoundupReady soy beans are resistant against the herbicide „Roundup“, [glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine)] sold by Monsanto
Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme EPSPS (3-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-5-phosphate-synthase) which is needed for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids
Cells die without aromatic amino acids
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

7. Glyphosate - Mode of Action -
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

8. RoundupReady Soy Beans (RRS)
Soy beans are processed to soy oil and bruised grain
food products contain soy oil (chips, ice cream, bakery products, candy bars...)
RoundupReady soy beans are resistant against the herbicide „Roundup“, [glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine)] sold by Monsanto
Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme EPSPS (3-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-5-phosphate-synthase) which is needed for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids
Cells die without aromatic amino acids
RoundupReady soy beans contain a glyphosate-resistant bacterial gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens CP4
30% reduction of use of glyphosate
RoundupReady soy beans is sold by Monsanto
USA produces 60 million tons of soy beans per year (50% of worldwide harvest)
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

9. Vector for Glyphosate Resistance
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

10. Labeling
Food, food ingredients and food supplement have to be labeled when they are GMO, consist of GMO or contain material of GMO
Labeling is required when the percentage of GMO material is greater than 0.9% in food containing a mixture of normal and GMO material
Examples:
Food or food supplement are GMOs: GM tomato, GM patato, GM corn, GM fish...
Food or food supplement contain GMOs: GM bacteria in yogurt, GM yeast in beer...
Food or food ingredients are derived from GMO: oil from GM soy beans or GM corn, sugar form GM sugar beet, starch from GM corn...
Food or food supplement are isolated from GMO: Vitamin C, vitamin B2, glutamate...
Labeling is not required when
meat, eggs or milk comes from animals fed with GMO plants
Material from GMO fed to microorganisms, e.g. yeast cells fed with starch from GM corn
enzymes isolated from GMO: chymosin produced by GM bacteria
GMO genetically modified organism
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron

11. End
Application of PCR
Prof. Dr. Baron