1. Culture Week 2

2. AIM: How does the environment shape culture?
Do Now: How does the geography of NYC shape housing practices? What do you think houses are like in the rural south?
Learning Objectives
Evaluate how the environment shapes housing and food decisions
Identify and describe the main styles of folk housing within the US
Analyze an excerpt from “A History of the World in 6 Glasses” to understand the global preferences for Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola

3. 2 Theories on Environment and Culture
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM: the environment determines the actions/advancement of humans.
EUROCENTRIC! Used to justify racist views of areas near the Equator
POSSIBILISM: the environment can hinder actions, but people can adapt and overcome most things.

4. Cultural Landscape
Cultural Landscape: the visible human impact on the landscape
Consider…
How have people changed the landscape?
What buildings, statues, and so forth have they erected?
How do landscapes reflect the values of a culture?

5. terraced rice fields in Vietnam
Neighborhood canal in Venice, Italy
Predjama Castle (Slovenia) built into the mountainside

6. Food Preferences
Affected by the environment and the availability of products as well as cultural traditions
What is eaten establishes one social, religious, and ethnic memberships
 oplatek,

7. Food and the Environment
Food preferences depend on what it suitable for that particular region
Ex:
Asia: rice grown in milder/moister regions, while wheat is grown in colder/drier regions
Northern Europe: abundance of wood encourages slow stewing/roasting of food over flame
Provides food and warmth

8. Food Preferences & the Environment
People must consider the soil, climate, & terrain
EX: Bostans in Istanbul, Turkey

9. Food and Folk Culture
Certain foods are eaten in folk cultures because their natural properties are perceived to enhance qualities considered desirable by the society
The Abipone people in Paraguay eat bills, jaguars, and stags to make them strong, brave, and swift. They believe eating hens or tortoises will make you a coward.
The Ainu people in Japan avoid eating otters because they are believed to be forgetful animals, and consuming them promotes memory loss
The Mbum Kpau women in Chad avoid eating chicken or goat before becoming pregnant as it prevents childbirth pains and abnormalities

10. Food Taboo
Taboo: a restriction on behavior imposed by social custom or religious law
EX: Pork- Muslims and Jews; Cow-Hindus
Reasons for a food taboo?
Concern for natural environment
Protect endangered animals
Conserve natural resources

11. Environmental Impacts: Taboos
Pigs unsuited for dry lands of Arabian Peninsula (Islamic hearth)
Would compete for resources without contributing benefits (can’t plow or produce milk)
Widespread raising of pigs would be an ecological disaster in Islam’s hearth
Banned by Muslims

12. Environmental Taboo: Cows in India
Cows produce oxen, the traditional source of pulling plows/carts in India
India fields must be plowed regularly
Religious sanctions (Hinduism) keep the cow population high

13. Social Influence: Taboos
Social values also influence food taboos
The Jewish Bible states that Hebrews were prevented from eating animals that do not chew their cud or have cloven feet, and fish lacking fins or scales
This Kosher law has allowed Jewish people to maintain their identify and communal affiliation

14. Popular Food Preferences
Influenced more by cultural values than environmental features
However, some regional variations can be observed between and within countries

15. Regional Differences: Global Scale
Coca-Cola accounts for ½ of the world’s cola sales and Pepsi for another 1/4th
Coke is the sales leader in most of the Western Hemisphere
EXCEPTION: QUEBEC, CANADA
Pepsi ran a campaign that connected Pepsi to uniquely French Canadian culture

16. Regional Differences: US Snack and Fast Food
Utah has a low rate of alcohol consumption because of the high amount of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons). They do not drink any alcohol
Tortilla chips preferred in Texas due to the large Hispanic Population while multigrain chips are preferred in the West due to a cultural desire for “healthy” food

17. Folk Housing: Environmental Influences
Environment determines types of building materials: stone, grass, sod, skins, etc
Two most common are wood and brick
Environment also affects construction style
EX: a pitched roof facilitates runoff and prevents collapsed roofs in snowy environments

18. Folk Housing: Cultural Influences
Houses may have sacred walls or corners based on cardinal directions
EX: In parts of Java the door always faces South as this is the direction of the South Sea Goddess who holds the key to the Earth
EX: Madagascar: the northern wall is for honoring ancestors and honored guests are seated against it

19. AIM: Why is Coca Cola considered “Globalization in a Bottle”?
Do Now: Read the handout on Shotgun houses from yesterday . Answer the 2 questions at the bottom
Learning Objectives
Evaluate how the environment influenced the design of the shotgun house
Collaboratively analyze/discuss in small groups “Globalization in a Bottle” to evaluate the consumption patterns of Coca Cola and Pepsi

20. P.1 Groups Aaliyah, Elijah, Michael, Kalee, Akosia, Matthew
Kelly, Hakeem, Menen, Brandon, Lian Sherlicia
Kennedy, Neina, Justin, Tanisha, Jahshua, Zakiya
Tsai, Alisa, Rayanna, Zavidel, Destiny
Chi Chi, Dujon, Camilla, Olivier, Devin
Libna, Mark, Casiyeta, Rickaela, Tevaughn

21. Pd. 2 Groups Jensen, Julio, Shermol, Adebusola, Taylor
Savannah, Josiah, Asiquir, Aneurin, Sherrod
Devin, Hasani, Jonathan, Mahari, Abigail
Ghazanfar, Dale, Darren, Kyah, Yacaisa
Mekhi, Daniel, Antonio, Nyiesha, Javin

22. Pd. 3 Groups Samuel, Sasha, Joshua C., Ezinne, Issaiah
Jodeane, Aaron, Klarke, Schaina, Saimun
Jada, Jessenta, Dante, Michelle, Dimitri
Chaina, Kaliq, Shadae, Jasmine, Matthew
Kaiyes, Eduardo, Lexi-Anne, Stephon, Keandre, Charlene
Joshua B., Bradley, Aryel, Abigail, Grace, Zaire

23. Pd 7 Groups Sean, Victoria, Shalisa, Zakia, Carlyns
Jada, Nathanael, Shalae, Stacey, Kayla S.
Kwame, Kayla H., Sarah, Kensley, Jian
Shamel, Daniella, Ade, Tayla, Ijeoma
Devanta, Jahvon, Angelique, Candice, Nicholas

24. Shotgun Case Study

25. Folk Housing 3 Main Types in the US
New England
Mid Atlantic
Tidewater
Folk houses are old and increasingly rare (everything after 1940 is considered Pop Housing)
Take into consideration environment and social needs

26. New England Kitchen placed in the center to provide heat
Large: need to do activities indoor
Types of Houses
Saltbox
Two Chimney
Cape Cod
Front Wing and Gable

27. Saltbox Houses

28. Two Chimney

29. Cape Cod

30. Colonial Cape Cod

31. Mid-Atlantic Central Hallway
Popular house to build during Westward Expansion
Type of house: I-House
Called I House for it’s prevalence in Indiana, Iowa, and Illinois

32. I-House

34. Tidewater Kitchen often in the basement/lower level to keep cool
Often one story (will evolve into ranch style)
Steep roof
Sometimes on stilts
Porches

37. Globalization in a Bottle Qs
Describe the relationship between Coke and WW2
How was Coke thought of by the Communists during the Cold War? Specifically address the term “Cola-Colonization”.
Why did Coke struggle with the Arab world in the 1960s?
What is meant by “globalization in a bottle”?
How has culture shaped the preferences for Pepsi and Coke globally?

38. AIM: How did the Lost Boys adapt to life in America?
Do Now: Why did the Lost Boys originally leave Sudan? Why did they come to America? What did they expect American life to be like?
Learning Objectives
Analyze “GGToU” is evaluate whether the Lost Boys experience in the US reflects acculturation or assimilation
Describe challenges the Lost Boys faced in adapting to American culture

39. AIM: How do social norms create gendered spaces?
Do Now: Brainstorm places that seem to be associated with a certain gender. What types of places do you associate with each gender?
Learning Objectives
Complete a graphic organizer based of an analysis of an article (“Where the Girls Aren’t”)
Discuss how society creates gendered spaces

40. AIM: How did the Lost Boys adapt to life in America?
Do Now: How have the boys fared since coming to America? Are you surprised by their experiences?
Learning Objectives
Analyze “GGToU” is evaluate whether the Lost Boys experience in the US reflects acculturation or assimilation
Complete a graphic organizer based on the Article “Where the Girls Are (and Aren’t)

41. AIM: Why do Folk and Popular Culture Face Sustainability Challenges?
Do Now: Based on last weeks lectures, what do you think folk culture’s biggest challenges regarding sustainability?
Learning Objectives
Compare and contrast the consumption of folk and pop cultures
Evaluate the sustainability of both pop and folk culture

42. Folk Culture Challenges
FOLK culture’s greatest challenge is the expansion of globalization and electronic media, which threaten its sustainability and unique character.

43. Increased (and unavoidable) contact with popular culture makes maintaining centuries-old practices difficult.

45. Lancaster Disappearing
Proximity to cities like Philadelphia – and growing Lancaster itself- is driving up land prices in Lancaster County.
Many Amish are selling their Lancaster properties and movies to cheaper regions, like rural Kentucky.

46. Gender roles are strictly reinforced in Saudi Arabia under its strict form of Islam
Women are limited in their opportunities, and must wear an all-covering garb. They are prohibited from driving alone without the accompaniment of a male relative.

49. In some places, however, popular culture has made life harder for women.

50. In India, a ‘DOWRY’ is a traditional part of a marriage.
Traditionally, the dowry was a small gift given from the bride’s family to the groom’s family. It was more symbolic than expensive.

51. Since the mid-twentieth century, dowries have grown exponentially as popular material culture has entered the picture.
Today, the families of many grooms will not accept a marriage unless a huge dowry was offered- often consisting of money and material items like cars, televisions, or computers.

53. When a bride’s family cannot pay the promised dowry, she is often beaten or thrown out of the house- or in some cases, killed by being set ablaze.
This practice, called BRIDE BURNING, takes as many as 25,00 lives in India each year. It is illegal, but rarely reported in rural communities

54. In Conclusion…
Folk culture’s sustainability is threatened by the intrusion of popular culture, which threatens to change its character, draw away members, and lead to increased conflict within traditional societies.

55. AIM: Why does Pop Culture Face Sustainability Threats?
Do Now: Place the desks in groups of 4. Discuss the differences between folk and pop culture
Learning Objectives
Complete a summative assessment on Chapter 4
Evaluate the sustainability of pop culture

56. CHALLENGES TO POP CULTURE?

57. POPULAR culture’s greatest challenges come from its drive to produce uniform landscapes, and its high rate of consumption.

59. While folk culture often emerges FROM the environment and is strongly influenced by it, popular culture is often separate from and imposed upon the landscape.

60. Popular cultures cause damage by extensively modifying the environment in order to produce UNIFORM LANDSCAPES.
Desirable features are reproduced in different locations, regardless of the effect on natural environments.

61. PLACELESSNESS- How popular cultural landscapes erase local identity, promoting the uniform over the unique.

64. People frequent businesses they are ‘familiar’ with.
Uniform landscapes are used by companies to generate product recognition, leading to higher consumption.
People frequent businesses they are ‘familiar’ with.

65. Popular culture promotes high levels of product and lifestyle consumption, which generates huge volumes of WASTE. Where folk cultures tend to produce little waste, popular culture has a USE-AND-DISCARD mentality.

66. Popular culture places a great demand on natural resources of all kinds.
In order to sate popular material culture, many animals have been driven to near (or actual) extinction, and many natural resources are used unsustainably.

67. AIM: How do folk culture and pop culture compare?
Do Now: What is placelessness? What creates it?
Learning Objectives
Compose a practice FRQ comparing and contrasting folk culture

68. In Conclusion
Traits and leisure activities associated with folk culture tend to diffuse more slowly than those of popular culture.
Folk clothing tends to be greatly influenced by local environmental conditions, whereas popular culture clothing tends to represent income and occupation.
Important elements of material culture include clothing, food, and shelter.

69. In Conclusion
Popular culture is diffused around the world through electronic media that began with the TV. It has since phased over into the Internet and Social Media.
Globalization and greater connectivity have fostered a world where new ideas are spread more rapidly and fewer places of isolation exist.
Folk cultures are threatened by interaction with popular culture; popular culture is threatened by the environmental disruption it causes.