2. Basic Levels of Human Body Organization
Foundation Standard 1: Academic Foundation
Understand human anatomy, physiology, common diseases and disorders, and medical math principles.
1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body.
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organs
Systems
Organism .

3. Anatomy and Physiology
FORM
STRUCTURE
PHYSIOLOGY
FUNCTION

4. Levels of Organization
CHEMICALS  CELLS  TISSUES  ORGANS  SYSTEMS

5. Chemicals Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Genetic information for the following, traits
Genes- sections of DNA, instructions for molecules
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Messenger
Transfer
Ribosomes
1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body. (Chemical)

6. Chemicals Proteins - Amino acids Carbohydrates – Monosaccharides
Enzymes
Antibodies
Hair
Nails
Cell membrane
Carbohydrates – Monosaccharides
Energy
Lipids – Glycerol and fatty acids
Insulation
1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body. (Chemical)

7. 1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body (Cells)
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Organelles
1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body (Cells)

8. Cell Membrane
Plasma
Lipid bilayer separates the internal cellular components from the external environment
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
Carbohydrates assist in cell identification and communication
Cholesterol increases strength of cell membrane

9. Cell Membrane Structures

10. Nucleus “Control Center” of the Cell
Controls cellular eating, movement and reproduction
Has pores for RNA and proteins to pass through
Chromatin
If in thread like form, cell is not dividing
If in short rod like structures, cell is reproducing and chromosomes are visible
Nucleolus made of RNA and protein

11. Cytoplasm Fluid that fills a cell Cytoskeleton Organelles
Also called protoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Provides support and
maintains shape of
the cell
Organelles

12. Organelles Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Centrosomes
Centrioles

13. Ribosomes
Sites of protein synthesis
Made up of ribosomal, RNA (rRNA)

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Double membranous channels
Transportation in cell
Rough- ribosomes
Smooth- none, lipid synthesis

15. Golgi Complex
Processes, sorts, and delivers proteins to various parts of the cell
Develops a transition vesicle to secrete lipid molecules from the cell

16. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the Cell
produces energy (ATP) through the process of cellular Respiration

17. Lysosomes Conduct intracellular digestion Suicide Packets
Will digest cell organelles, if necessary, for food

18. Vacuoles Vesicle (bag of fluid)
Store food and other nutrients needed by the cell
Store and remove waste products from the cell

19. Centrosomes
Contains a pair of cylindrical structures called centrioles
Centrioles serve as the center of chromosome movement during cell division

20. Tissues
A group of cells with a common embryonic origin performing a similar function
Types:
Epithelial Tissues
Connective Tissue
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue
1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body. (Tissue)

21. Epithelial Tissues Cover body surfaces Line body cavities and ducts
Form glands

22. Epithelial Tissue- Cell Shapes
Squamous = flattened or scale like cells
Squamous cells line:
heart
blood vessels
lymph vessels
walls of capillaries,
serous membrane layers of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

23. Epithelial Tissue- Cell Shapes
Cuboidal = cube-shaped forms
Cuboidal cells line small ducts in some glands:
kidneys
oil glands
sweat glands
Involved with secretion and absorption

24. Epithelial Tissue- Cell Shapes
Columnar = taller than wide
Columnar cells line:
gall bladder
gastrointestinal tract
respiratory tract
excretory ducts of many glands

25. Epithelial Tissue- Cell Shapes
Transitional = combination of shapes
Usually found on structures that can change shapes
Has tremendous elasticity

26. Connective Tissues Protect and support the body Bind organs together
Store energy

27. Connective Tissues Most abundant tissue in the body
Binds and supports other structures
Is primarily composed of collagen fibers
Usually highly vascular, except cartilage which is avascular

28. Connective Tissues Found in: All mucus membranes Adipose tissue
Tendons and ligaments
Arteries, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and vocal cords
Cartilage
Around blood vessels and nerves
Around body organs

29. Osseous Tissue (Bone) Compact Bone Spongy Bone
Has a honey comb appearance
Outer bone
Skeleton
Spongy Bone
Has irregular shapes
Inner bone
Makes blood cells

30. Muscle Tissue Made up of muscle cells (muscle fibers)
Highly specialized (produces tension)
Can convert chemical energy to mechanical energy
Plays a major role in temperature regulation
Three Types of Muscle Tissue:
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

31. Skeletal Muscle Attached to bones Voluntary muscle (conscious control)
Multinucleated
Striated

32. Cardiac Muscle Forms heart wall (myocardium) Involuntary muscle
Usually has centrally located nucleus
Interlocking- intercalated disks form tight junctions between the cells 

33. Smooth (Visceral) Muscle
Located in the walls of hollow structures and organs
artery
blood vessels
stomach
intestines
bladder
bronchi
uterus
Involuntary muscle (usually)
Non striated muscle

34. Nervous Tissue Sensitive to various stimuli
Capable of converting stimulus to nervous impulses (electrical event)
Transmits impulses to:
other neurons
glands
muscle fibers

35. Systems
Organs/tissues that work together to perform one or more vital function
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Cardiovascular
Lymphoid
Respiratory
Nervous
Endocrine
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body. (Organs and Systems)

36. Organism The Human Organism
1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body.
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organs
Systems
Organism
1.11 Identify basic levels of organization of the human body.
(Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organs, Systems, Organism)