1. Psychological Therapies example crash course "Bring Me To Life"-therapy; start @ 24:24

2. Philippe Pinel
French doctor who was the first to take the chains off and declare that these people are sick and “a cure must be found!!!”
Dorethea Dix- American reformer!

3. Two Types of Therapy Psychological Therapies Biomedical Therapies
Structured interactions between a trained professional and a client
AKA – Psychotherapy; many types
Most influential:
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic Therapy
Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Therapies that act directly on a client’s nervous system
AKA – Somatic Therapy
Emphasizes Psychopharmacology

4. Psychoanalytic Therapy crash course who?
Psychoanalysis (childhood experiences…. hypnosis , free association, dream interpretation
15 min (dream interpretation)
Unconscious
Transference
Catharsis
Fried Green Tomatoes

5. Resistance/Transference
The blocking from consciousness of anxiety causing material
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.
Example:
Sheldon's psychotherapy

6. Humanistic Therapy start @ 4:29
Client-Centered Therapy by Carl Rogers
These are non-directive therapies and use active listening.
Self-actualization, free-will and unconditional positive regard.
Gestalt Therapy by Fritz Perls encourage clients to get in touch with whole self.

7. Client (Person) Centered Therapy
Developed by Carl Rogers
Therapist uses genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, showing unconditional positive regard.
Goal – Clients deepen self understanding and self acceptance

8. Behavioral Therapy start @ 6:06
B.F. Skinner and other behaviorists question the effectiveness/value of “talk” therapies.
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
The behaviors are the problems - so we must change the behaviors.

9. Counterconditioning Operant Conditioning Token Economy
Based on Classical Conditioning
i.e.
Aversive Conditioning
Systematic Desensitization
Flooding
Operant Conditioning
Token Economy

10. Behavior Therapy
Systematic Desensitization

11. Systematic Desensitization example
A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.
How would you use systematic desensitization to reduce the fear of dentists?

12. ANXIETY HIERARCHY USED IN SYSTEMATC DESENSITIZATION

13. Flooding

14. Virtual Technology / Exposure Therapy example

15. Aversive Conditioning

16. Aversive Conditioning
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.
How would putting poop on the fingernails of a nail biter effect their behavior?

17. Aversive Conditioning
Associating unpleasant state /stimuli with an unwanted behavior
Using aversive conditioning, what are some ways you can change the behavior of your friends who bite their fingernails?

18. Operant Conditioning
Token Economy: an operant conditioning procedure that rewards a desired behavior.
A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats.

19. Cognitive Therapy 8:20 Change the way we think(change our schemas)
Aaron Beck
Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Therapy

20. Cognitive Therapy

21. Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive Therapists try to teach people new, more constructive ways of thinking.
Is .300 a good or bad batting average?

22. Cognitive Therapies

23. Cognitive Therapies

24. Cognitive Therapies

25. Cognitive Therapies

26. Cognitive Therapies

27. Cognitive Therapies

28. Aaron Beck and his view of Depression
Noticed that depressed people were similar in the way they viewed the world.
Used cognitive therapy get people to take off the “dark sunglasses” in which they view their surroundings

30. Cognitive Therapy- Does It Work?

31. Group Therapy 9:56

32. Eclectic Approach
the most “popular” approach to therapy; combining different techniques from the various approaches to psychotherapy

33. How effective is Psychotherapy?
Depends on the measure…
Client Perceptions? Yes…
Clinician Perceptions? Yes…
Scientific Research?
Eysenck’s challenge in 1950’s – noted little differences in treated vs. non-treated
Meta-Analysis ( statistically combining the results of many different studies) offer different conclusions…

34. Comparison of Psychotherapies

35. Comparison of Psychotherapies

36. Comparison of Psychotherapies

37. Comparison of Psychotherapies

38. Comparison of Psychotherapies

39. Comparison of Psychotherapies

40. Somatic Therapies START @ 4:56 (psychiatrist or clinical psychologist
Psychopharmacology
Antipsychotics (thorazine, haldol)
Anti-anxiety (valium, barbiturates, Xanax)
Mood Disorders (serotonin reuptake inhibitors-SRI)
Bipolar (lithium)

41. Psychopharmacology
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

42. Antianxiety Drugs i.e. - Valium ,Xanax, Ativan
like alcohol, they depress nervous system activity
may lead to psychological dependence

43. Mood Stabilizers Lithium aka - Lithium Carbonate
a cheap salt that provides effective drug therapy for the mood swings of bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder
Depakote
originally used to treat seizures
also used in treatment of bipolar disorder

44. Antidepressant Drugs Lift you up out of depression.
Most increase the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and serotonin.

45. Antipsychotics start @ 5:23
i.e. - Thorazine, Clozaril
dampen responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli
typically work by blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine (antagonist)
side effects are common (sluggishness, tremors, twitches)
most helpful in reducing positive symptoms of schizophrenia

46. Work by blocking serotonin reuptake. https://youtu.be/twhvtzd6gXA
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
Work by blocking serotonin reuptake.

48. Somatic Therapy Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)- for depression
Psychosurgury
lobotomy

49. Transcranial Brain Stimulation (treatment for depression)

50. SAD
Light therapy

51. Drugs and Hospitalization Deinstitutionalization

52. Mental Health Professionals
Type
Description
Clinical Psychologist
Clinical or Psychiatric Social Workers
Counselors
Psychiatrists
Ph.D. in Psychology, specializing in research, assessment, & therapy with supervised internship. Some work in agencies/institutions, some in private practice.
M.S. in Social Work; NASW certification
Varying degrees (perhaps just a B.S. or B.A.); often provide simple verbal advice and assistance rather than formal therapy
M.D., specializing in treatment of Psych Disorders; may or may not offer psychotherapy; can prescribe meds; often have their own medical practices

53. Important People A. Beck A. Ellis S. Freud M. C. Jones C. Rogers
Behaviorist; would argue that therapy should focus on abnormal behaviors rather than their “roots/causes”
Client-centered therapy; humanistic psychology
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorist; Rational Emotive (Behavioral) Therapy
Amongst the first to use counterconditioning; experiment w/ boy afraid of rabbits; “mother of behavioral therapy”
Cognitive therapy; worked with depressed patients; take off “dark sunglasses”
Refined / published the work of M.C. Jones
A. Beck
A. Ellis
S. Freud
M. C. Jones
C. Rogers
B.F. Skinner
J. Wolpe