1. RAILWAY TRACK SNAP NOTIFICATION
PROJECT MEMBERS
S.NAZRIN SALMA
S.NIVETHA
A.SHAMEEM BANU

2. ABSTRACT
Derailment due to vehicle-track interaction remains a significant to contributor risk. As to overcome, this project uses Radio Frequency modules and Proximity Infra Red sensor to monitor the track. This project facilitates the railway authority people by giving necessary alert signals and a display message. Implementation of this project constantly monitors the track and if sensor notifies the snap in the track, it transmits the signal using wireless modules to the respective Railway Authority People. The internal circuitry with the supporting hardware and software tools are so designed to avoid the chance of Derailment in the railway track due to crack.

3. OBJECTIVE
The goal of our project is to avoid derailment due to interruption in wheel to rail interaction.

4. Need for the project
The need for this project is, the existing system involves manual operation which can cause many errors.
More time delay in the existing system.
Existing system involves post control and monitoring.

5. EXISTING METHOD The Existing system has some limitations as follows
Manual checking
Post monitoring & control
Over time consumption
Maintenance is difficult

6. PROPOSED METHOD
In our proposed system the track is continuously monitored by the wireless modules and sensors.
The advantages of the existing system is
Time consumption is less
Pre monitoring & control

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM

8. Inductive Proximity Sensor
Power Supply Tx

9. Transmitter section
In this project power supply of 10-15V is given to Inductive Proximity Sensor, transmitter circuit .
Inductive proximity sensor is used for non-contact detection of metallic targets at range generally under 50mm.
The proximity sensor which is fitted in trolley is moved over the track and continuous monitoring is done on tracks.
It gives high signal with the detection of metal. If there is any crack present then the signal output will be low.

10. Rx
PIC
LCD
Buzzer
Power Supply

11. Receiver section
The notified signals are continuously sent to the receiver chip. Transmitter chip is used for transmission.
The received signals are decoded and sent to the PIC micro controller (16F877A) in which it get captured and compared and necessary alert signals are given to buzzer.
If there is LOW signal the display of the LCD is “TRACK DAMAGE STOP THE TRAIN”.
If the signal is high then the LCD display is “TRACK SECURITY”.

12. PROXIMITY SENSOR
A Proximity sensor can detect objects without physical contact
Inductive type proximity sensor is used in this project.
Inductive sensors are used to detect the metallic objects without actual contacting.
Minimum distance that two proximity sensors can be installed parallel to each other is 12mm,18mm or 30mm

13. Continues….
The output configuration of the proximity inductive sensor used in this project is normally open (NO).
When there is an object in sensing area, the output switch element is ON.
Normally closed (NC) when there is no object in sensing area, the output switching element is OFF.

14. PIC
PIC16F877A
These device have flash memory & operate over the standard voltage range.
8 bit microcontroller and has a low power, high performance CMOS 8 bit microcontroller with 2KB flash programmable and erasable read only memory.
The signal received from the RF receiver is fed to port 1 of PIC. The port 2 pins of the PIC is connected to D0-D7 pins of LCD and port 3(pin 14) is connected to the buzzer.

15. Liquid Crystal Display
The display unit used in this project is LCD in which pins RS,RW,E,D0-D7 are connected to the pins on the microcontroller.
Data bus pins are connected to port 2. Low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery powered electronic equipment.
In case of damage the signal is sent to LCD. And the high signal is transmitted from RF transmitter.

16. RF Module
In this project MHZ range RF transmitter and RF receiver is used. Input range of this transmitter ranges from 2 to 12V which was given to second pin of the transmitter.
The signal being is encoded before transmitting it to the PIC.
If input of 5V is given from the RF transmitter to the encoder is encoded as 0101( binary code).

17. Buzzer
The output of PIC from PORT 3 is fed to buzzer, which beeps on condition when it gets an disabling input (i.e 0).
It’s a signaling device.
It consists of a number of switches or sensors connected to a control unit that determines if and which button was pushed or a preset time has lapsed.

18. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
The MPLAB X IDE is the new graphical, integrated debugging tool set for all of Microchip’s more than bit, 16-bit and 32-bit MCU’s and digital signal controllers, and memory devices.
It includes a feature-rich editor, source-level debugger, project manager, software simulator.
Includes several free software components for application development, hardware emulation and debugging

19. EMBEDDED C
Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C Programming language by the C Standards committee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions for different embedded systems
It supports exotic features such as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations.

20. THANK YOU