1. Ashima Wadhwa Assistant Professor (IT) Amity University , Noida
BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY
AND
CONTINUOUS TECHNOLOGY

2. Technology
Science is exploration for the sake of knowing and for creating a body of knowledge
Technology is the application of science, usually in the interests of improving human life
product technologies
process technologies
What are product technologies? Tangibles, things we can see, hear, feel, touch.
What are process technologies? New ways of doing things, new processes. In your studies of individual companies, you are seeing both product and process technologies. For example, in the cellular phone industry we see product breakthroughs as telephones get smaller, better, clearer, but the process of using them also is getting easier as telecommunication services improve.
In manufacturing, a process improvement you might recognize is JIT inventory systems that order parts needed so they arrive just as they are needed. A process technology change in organizational management is empowerment which is expected to involve more people in thinking and organizational learning.
When looking at technology, it is important to remember that there are both process and product breakthroughs.

3. Technology Can Be Low tech High tech Some combination
Each approach provides opportunities for organizational advantage

4. CONTINUOUS TECHNOLOGY
Existing infrastructures
Existing knowledge
Existing markets
Incremental
Convergent thinking- progressive refinements
Increasing specialization

5. BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY
Discovery of new knowledge related to market need or technological capabilities
From horse to car
Business reshaping: kerosene for lighting; ice for cooling; IT+telecom and airline, banking, entertainment

6. Technological Breakthroughs in Products and Processes
are occurring rapidly
in almost all industries
all nations
all businesses
all lives
Is this a boon or a bane? Both

7. Technological Changes
Generate both opportunities and threats
Are difficult to predict in a global world because they:
occur rapidly
often have unintended consequences
are replaced/refined by people worldwide; changes occur “out of sight”
Stimulate profound societal change in business and other spheres
Make managerial and personal life more challenging
Threat: about 97% of what you know today will be obsolete in 50 years because by the time you are 75 you will only be relying on about 3% of what you are learning now
The challenge is to keep up.

8. Terrific Breakthroughs of Today
Medicine: organ transplants, other life-saving techniques
Oil exploration via hubbing
Jet freighters for sea cargo
Biotechnology, pest resistant seeds and clones
Laser and “free space” optics
Information technologies

9. What’s the best way to launch a breakthrough new energy technology?
“Open Source” concept
Invention and prototyping
No patents on core technology
Demonstration of technology at high profile press conferences in key cities globally
Simultaneous wide-broadcast dissemination of “how-to-build” plans on the Internet
Public is encouraged to use and improve technology and create useful derivatives (no licensing or royalties)

10. Why should a breakthrough energy technology be “open sourced”?
Open sourcing the technology will tap into the brain trust of millions of intelligent, creative people, who could improve upon it and create countless derivative products and businesses.

11. Why should a breakthrough energy technology be “open sourced”?
The implementation will occur more quickly (perhaps virally) as people become excited, motivated, and hopeful. People are enthused when we feel we have a stake and a role to play in a great endeavor.

12. Ten Innovative Products
Personalized computers—customized to adapt to your way of working
Multi-fuel automobiles—combine electricity, reformulated gasoline, natural gas, or other fuels
Next-generation television—high definition, wall-sized flat screens for information, communication, and entertainment
Electronic wallet—a smart card to replace money, keys, driver’s license, medical records, etc.
Home health monitors—automatic analysis of your vitals
Smart maps and tracking devices—to find what you want
Smart materials—sensors that detect stress in buildings
Weight control and anti-aging products
Never owned, leased only products such as computers and appliances that age rapidly

13. Why should a breakthrough energy technology be “open sourced”?
“New wine should not be put in old bottles". For good reason. The old methods are not expansive enough, may easily rupture, and spill and squander the contents. New ideas require new methods.

14. Thank You !!