1. Universal Design and Accessibility Principles

2. Goals Understand Be able to Principles of universal design
Application of universal design to technology and to accessibility
CSU Accessible Technology Initiative
Accessibility best practices
Be able to
Conduct a four-point accessibility evaluation
Why are you here?
Turn to a neighbor and tell them.
What are some reasons, yours or one you heard?
Accessible Technology Initiative (ATI)
Campus priorities:
Student Success
Inclusivity
Effective communication

3. Law and Policy
"It is the policy of the CSU to make information technology resources and services accessible to all CSU students, faculty, staff and the general public regardless of disability." (E.O. 926)
Accessible Technology Initiative:
Instructional Materials
Procurement
Web
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Rehabilitation Act Amendment (Section 508)
State of California Government Code Section 11135
Discuss the three ATI areas.
Why were these laws and policies passed?
How many people have disabilities?

4. Need for Accessibility And Universal Design
20% of the U.S. population has at least one disability (U.S. Census Bureau: Disability [2010])
11% of college students report a disability (U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. [2016])

5. Apple-Accessibility-Sady Video

6. Universal Design
But we’re not just talking about disabilities or accessibility.
Universal Design started in architecture: creating spaces that work for everyone, spaces that are inclusive. Whether you’re short or tall, young or old, or have a disability.
How are these public spaces universal?
What are some other examples of universally-designed spaces or features?

7. Universal Design Principles
Equitable use. The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. For example, a website that is designed to be accessible to everyone, including people who are blind and use screen reader technology, employs this principle.
Flexibility in Use. The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities. An example is a museum that allows visitors to choose to read or listen to the description of the contents of a display case.
Simple and intuitive. Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. Science lab equipment with clear and intuitive control buttons is an example of an application of this principle.
Perceptible information. The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities. An example of this principle is captioned television programming projected in a noisy sports bar.
Tolerance for error. The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. An example of a product applying this principle is software applications that provide guidance when the user makes an inappropriate selection.
Low physical effort. The design can be used efficiently, comfortably, and with a minimum of fatigue. Doors that open automatically for people with a wide variety of physical characteristics demonstrate the application of this principle.
Size and space for approach and use. Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of the user's body size, posture, or mobility. A flexible work area designed for use by employees who are left- or right-handed and have a variety of other physical characteristics and abilities is an example of applying this principle.
Universal Design: Process, Principles, and Applications (UW)
Quiz joke …
Architecture
Technology
UDL

8. Universal Design Principles for Information / Technology
P.O.U.R.
Perceivable: so that individuals with sensory impairments can understand the information being conveyed
Operable: navigate to information via multiple methods (not only the mouse)
Understandable: enough so that all different learning styles can engage
Robust: technology should be compatible with a user’s desired devices, applications or system preferences
What are some examples?
Captions
Mobile-friendly websites
You have universally-designed technology in your pocket …

9. Universal Design: Mobile
Siri, Genie, etc.
Dictation
Predictive text
Vibrating/flashing alerts
Safari Reader
Etc.
How might these benefit someone with a disability?
How might these benefit someone without a disability?
Color blindness – greyscale
Presbyopia – zoom, larger/bold text
Noise – visual alerts
Ads – Reader
Also preferences. Your preferences are valid!
Talk to text
Visual alerts
Great. HOW?

10. Best Practices Alternate Text Structure Color User Interface
Images
Structure
Headings, lists, etc.
Color
Color contrast
User Interface
Keyboard Accessibility
Meaning without color
Navigation/Links
Link Requirements
What was our acronym? POUR
What does it stand for?
Perceivable
Operable
Understandable
Robust
What are examples of each in these five categories?

11. Alternate text: Images and Videos
Where possible, add a caption to an image. Captions are universal.
Otherwise, add alternative text.
Videos posted online or used for instruction must be captioned.
Videos online need both a title and an alternative such as a link to the content.
Handout
Tiny turtle eating a ripe strawberry.

12. Structure: headings and lists
Use these:
Why use structure?
Titles, strong/emphasis, what else?

13. Color Contrast What’s wrong with this picture? Visual check
Colour Contrast Analyzer

14. Meaning without Color What’s wrong with this picture?
ATI reports, read and green
What else can you use?

15. User Interface
Users should be able to get to content without using a mouse.
Keyboard
Hearing
Touch
Users should be able to access content on different screens (phone, tablet, etc.).
Acrobat Pro: Read Out Loud
VoiceOver and TalkBack

16. Navigation and Links Fix broken links.
Use descriptive link text, not URLs. (Always on the web; usually in documents.)
Link text should clearly identify the target of each link. Good link text should not be overly general.
Do not use different link text to refer to the same resource.
Do not to use the same link text to refer to different resources.
Web pages with links to files that require a special reader or plug-in should contain a link to obtain the reader or plug-in.

17. Four-point accessibility evaluation
Is the text easy to read? Is the font clear?
How is color used? Can you read the text clearly against the background? Does color mean anything that isn’t conveyed another way?
Can you use the keyboard “tab” key to navigate to all the features on the page or screen?
Can you enlarge the screen without distorting the text? Use “Ctrl +” and “Ctrl -” on a keyboard, or the accessibility features or gestures on your mobile device.
Handout
1 Explanation: If the text displayed on the page is difficult to read, this could be a problem for individuals with various visual impairments. Is the color used in the software or online product difficult to read?
2 Explanation: If the color displayed is difficult to see, there may be a problem with the color combinations used on the page. The color combinations used on the page may cause individuals with visual impairments difficulties in understanding information on the page. 
3 Explanation: For this test, you are looking to verify that all functions on the page can be accessed without using the computer mouse. For individuals with physical impairments, it is critical that information can be accessed through other methods instead of the mouse. 
4 Explanation: When you make the screen smaller or larger, the text on the screen should continue to be displayed without it being cut off or partially visible.

18. Reflection
What’s one thing you can do tomorrow to make the work you produce more accessible?
What’s one thing the UDC can do to make this training better?

19. What’s next? UDC scheduled trainings in October
Web Accessibility Principles Part I:
October 17th from 1:30 – 3 PM
Word Accessibility Principles Part I:
October 3rd from 9:30 to 11 AM and
October 10th from 9:30 to 11 AM
Word Accessibility Principles Part II:
October 17th from 9:30 to 11 AM and
October 24th from 9:30 to 11 AM

20. Thank you Trainings coming soon in November
PDF Accessibility Principles Part I
PDF Remedy
Testing for Accessibility
Compliance Sheriff Foundations
Contact
Kate Sharron, x3065,
Alen Davoudian, x6263,