1. PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS
3º ESO A
PHRASAL VERBS AND
IDIOMS

2. Phrasal verbs
A verb that is made up of a main verb together with an adverb or a preposition, or both. Typically, their meaning is not obvious from the meanings of the individual words themselves.
She has always looked down on me.
For instance, in this example, the phrasal verb ‘to look down on someone’ doesn’t mean that you are looking down from a higher place at someone who is below you; it means that you think that you are better than someone.

3. Idiom
Idioms are a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language
Every language has its own collection of wise sayings. These sayings are called "idioms" – or proverbs if they are longer. These combinations of words have (rarely complete sentences) a "figurative meaning“ meaning, they basically work with "pictures".

4. OCTOBER 24th MESS UP (informal)
Meaning: to do something incorrectly, or to make a mistake
For example:
(mess up) Sarah's been making a lot of mistakes recently. If she messes up again, she might lose her job.
(mess up sth) Joe has messed up the invitations to our birthday party. He put the wrong date on them.
(mess sth up) My daughter had her driver's licence test yesterday, but she messed it up so she'll have to do it again.

5. IDIOM: TO STAB SOMEONE ON THE BACK
OCTOBER 25th
IDIOM: TO STAB SOMEONE ON THE BACK
Taking it literally, it means taking a knife or another sharp object and putting into a person’s back.
However, it means to hurt someone who was close to us and trusted us by BETRAYING them secretly and breaking their trust. We call the person who does this a back stabber.
“Did you hear that Sarah stabbed Kate in the back last week?”
“No! I thought they were best friends, what did she do?”
“She told their boss that Kate wasn’t interested in a promotion at work and Sarah got it instead.”
“Wow, that’s the ultimate betrayal! No wonder they’re not friends anymore.”

6. NOVEMBER 7th CUT OUT + Ving
Meaning 1: to remove something from a larger piece by cutting
For example:
I cut this article out of a magazine for you.
Meaning 2: to stop eating something or doing something, especially because it is bad for your health
I’ve cut out chocolate completely. / I’ve cut out eating chocolate completely

7. NOVEMBER 8th GET ALONG WITH
Meaning 1: To be friendly to each other ( llevarse bien)
EXAMPLE: I get along with most all my friends but not with my little sister
Meaning 2: to spend time with friends
Example; I love getting along with my friends on Fridays

8. NOVEMBER 14th IDIOM: TO FIND YOUR FEET
Is it impossible to lose your feet No way, they’re attached to your body! So what does it mean when somebody says they’re trying to find their feet? If you find yourself in a new situation, for example living in a new country and having to get used to a new college, you could say I’m still finding my feet. It means that you’re still adjusting and getting used to the new environment.
“Lee, how’s your son doing in America?”
“He’s doing okay. He’s learned where the college is but is still finding his feet with everything else. I guess it’ll take time for him to get used to it all

9. NOVEMBER 15th GET OVER something
Literally get over something means , for example get over a fence—but this is not how the phrase is generally used in the English language.
Imagine having a really difficult time, like breaking up with your girlfriend or boyfriend—it’s hard. But eventually once time passes and you no longer think about your ex, it means that you’ve gotten over him/her, you no longer worry about it and it no longer affects you in a negative way. It’s also possible to get over an illness too, which would mean that you’ve fully recovered.
“How’s Paula? Has she gotten over the death of her dog yet?”
“I think so. She’s already talking about getting a new one.”

10. NOVEMBER 21st
GET RID OFF
Meaning: to remove something that you do not want any longer
For example:
I can’t wait to get rid of that ugly old couch.

11. NOVEMBER 22nd Meaning: To spend the time in a place with someone
HANG OUT (WITH)
Meaning: To spend the time in a place with someone
For example:
We love to hang out at the beach in the summer
Where do you usually hang out on weekends?

12. NOVEMBER 28th IDIOM: LOOK LIKE A MILLIOM BUCKS/ DOLLARS
It could mean to be very rich, but that’s not the case. If someone tells you that you look like a million bucks, you should take it as a huge compliment because it means you look absolutely fabulous and really attractive.
It is specially used for when someone has really made an effort and it’s a special occasion, like prom or a wedding.
“Wow, Mary, you look like a million dollars/bucks this evening. I love your dress!”

13. NOVEMBER 29th
BE ABOUT TO
Meaning: The modal expression be about to as an adjective in the modal expression be about to to refer to something that will happen very soon in the future (estar a punto de …)
For example:
He was about to cry when he saw he had failed the exam

14. DECEMBER 5th
RELY ON
Meaning: o trust someone or something to do something for you / depend on
For example:
My brother can help. At least we can rely on him.
Sometimes you just have to rely on your own judgment.

15. DECEMBER 12th IDIOM: TO KEEP YOUR CHIN UP
Did you just have a massive fight with your friend? Did you fail your English finals? Did your team lose the final match? Did you lose your job? If you answered “yes” to any of the questions, then you’re probably feeling sad and a little depressed, right?
In this situation, a supportive friend might tell you to keep your chin up, showing their support for you, and it’s a way of saying “stay strong,” you’ll get through this. Don’t let these things affect you too badly.
“Hey, Keiren, have you had any luck finding work yet?”
“No, nothing, it’s really depressing, there’s nothing out there!”
“Don’t worry, you’ll find something soon, keep your chin up buddy and don’t stress.”

16. IDIOM: to keep your chin up
Meaning: If you keep your chin up, you stay cheerful in a difficult or unpleasant situation.
remain cheerful in difficult circumstances.
For example:
‘keep your chin up, we're not lost yet’

17. DECEMBER 13th
PUT UP
1. Meaning: to fix a picture or notice onto an upright structure such as a wall
1. For example:
I put a few posters up to make the room look less bare
She put up a notice about the school trip to Italy.
2. Meaning: to let someone stay in your house
2. For example:
Could you put me up for the night when I come to London?

18. DECEMBER 19th HOLD ON Meaning: to wait For example:
Can you hurry up in the bathroom – I can’t hold on much longer.
We’ll hold on another minute, then we’ll have to go.
Meaning: to hold something tightly or carefully so that you do not drop it or do not fall
hold on tight: Hold on tight everyone – the driver’s getting ready to go.

19. DECEMBER 20th IDIOM: bit off more than you can chew
Meaning: To take on more responsibility than one can handle.
For example:
You know the proverb: 'Do not bite off more than you can chew'.
(quien mucho abarca, poco aprieta)