1. Mendelian Genetics (Genetics History)
Biolog
everl Y

2. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants

3. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants
Flower Color
purple
white

4. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants
Flower Color
Flower Position
terminal
axial

5. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants
Flower Color
Flower Position
Seed Color
yellow
green

6. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants
Flower Color
Flower Position
Seed Color
Seed Texture
smooth
wrinkled

7. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants
Flower Color
Flower Position
Seed Color
Seed Texture
Pod Color
yellow
green

8. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants
Flower Color
Flower Position
Seed Color
Seed Texture
Pod Shape
inflated
Pod Color
constricted

9. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants
Flower Color
Flower Position
Seed Color
Seed Texture
Stem Height
Pod Color
Pod Shape
short
tall

10. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Father of Modern Genetics
Experimented with Pea Plants
Seven year period ( )
Bred thousands of pea plants
Discovered pattern of heredity
Heredity: Passing of traits from parent to offspring

11. Mendel’s Experiment P generation P Generation Male: purple flowers
Female: white flowers
F1 generation
F2 generation

12. Mendel’s Experiment P generation P Generation Male: purple flowers
Female: white flowers
F1 Generation
100% purple
Some traits are DOMINANT
Some traits are RECESSIVE
F1 generation
F2 generation

13. Mendel’s Experiment P generation P Generation Male: purple flowers
Female: white flowers
F1 Generation
100% purple
Some traits are DOMINANT
Some traits are RECESSIVE
F2 Generation
75% purple; 25% white
Offspring won’t always resemble the parents
Traits can skip generations
F1 generation
F2 generation

14. Flower Color
Seed color
Stem height
Pod Color
Seed texture
Pod Shape
Flower Position
224
705
= 3 purple : 1 white
6022
2001
= 3 yellow : 1 green
787
277
= 3 tall : 1 short
428
152
= 3 green : 1 yellow
5474
1850
= 3 smooth : 1 wrinkled
882
299
= 3 inflated : 1 constricted
705
224
= 3 terminal : 1 axial

15. Mendel’s Laws Law of Dominance: dominant form of a gene is expressed
P generation
F1 generation
Law of Dominance: dominant form of a gene is expressed

16. Mendel’s Laws Seed Color Seed Texture Flower Color Pod Color
Law of Dominance: dominant form of a gene is expressed
Law of Independent Assortment: Genes are sorted independent of one another

17. Mendel’s Laws Law of Dominance: dominant form of a gene is expressed
Law of Independent Assortment: Genes are sorted independent of one another
Law of Segregation: Offspring inherit 1 gene copy from each parent

18. Genetics Vocabulary
Allele: Alternate form of a gene

19. Genetics Vocabulary
Allele: Alternate form of a gene
Pod Color

20. A B o Genetics Vocabulary Human Blood Type
Allele: Alternate form of a gene
Human Blood Type A B o

21. Genetics Vocabulary P P Allele: Alternate form of a gene
Genotype: combination of two alleles
Homozygous Dominant: combination of 2 dominant alleles P P
Homozygous dominant

22. Genetics Vocabulary p p Allele: Alternate form of a gene
Genotype: combination of two alleles
Homozygous Dominant: combination of 2 dominant alleles
Homozygous Recessive: combination of 2 recessive alleles p p
Homozygous recessive

23. Genetics Vocabulary p P Allele: Alternate form of a gene
Genotype: combination of two alleles
Homozygous Dominant: combination of 2 dominant alleles
Homozygous Recessive: combination of 2 recessive alleles
Heterozygous: Combination of 1 dominant, 1 recessive allele p P
Heterozygous

24. PP Pp pp Genetics Vocabulary Allele: Alternate form of a gene
Genotype: combination of two alleles
Homozygous Dominant: combination of 2 dominant alleles
Homozygous Recessive: combination of 2 recessive alleles
Heterozygous: Combination of 1 dominant, 1 recessive allele
Phenotype: Physical expression of the gene PP
Phenotype:
PURPLE Pp
Phenotype:
white pp

25. 1 minute: Discuss with your neighbor:YY 2
Tall stems 3 Yy 4
Smooth seeds 5 SS 6 pP 7 gg 8
Green peas 9
Constricted pod 10 TT
1) Which choice(s) are genotypes?
2) Which choice(s) are heterozygous genotypes?
3) Which choice(s) are phenotypes?

26. 1 minute: Discuss with your neighbor:YY 2
Tall stems 3 Yy 4
Smooth seeds 5 SS 6 pP 7 gg 8
Green peas 9
Constricted pod 10 TT
1) Which choice(s) are genotypes?
2) Which choice(s) are heterozygous genotypes?
3) Which choice(s) are phenotypes?

27. 1 minute: Discuss with your neighbor:YY 2
Tall stems 3 Yy 4
Smooth seeds 5 SS 6 pP 7 gg 8
Green peas 9
Constricted pod 10 TT
1) Which choice(s) are genotypes?
2) Which choice(s) are heterozygous genotypes?
3) Which choice(s) are phenotypes?

28. 1 minute: Discuss with your neighbor:YY 2
Tall stems 3 Yy 4
Smooth seeds 5 SS 6 pP 7 gg 8
Green peas 9
Constricted pod 10 TT
1) Which choice(s) are genotypes?
2) Which choice(s) are heterozygous genotypes?
3) Which choice(s) are phenotypes?

29. Punnett Squares PP P P pp p p P p P p P p P p 100% = Purple Pp Pp Pp
P generation
Punnett Squares
Defined: Genetics tools used to predict offspring probability
Setting Up Punnett Squares:
Parent genotypes on outside of the squares
Simply fill in each square
Inside squares represent the possible offspring genotypes PP P P pp p p P p P p
F1 generation P p P p
100% = Purple Pp Pp Pp Pp
F2 generation

30. Punnett Squares PP P P p pp p P P P p Pp Pp Pp P Pp P p p P p p p
P generation
Punnett Squares
Defined: Genetics tools used to predict offspring probability
Setting Up Punnett Squares:
Parent genotypes on outside of the squares
Simply fill in each square
Inside squares represent the possible offspring genotypes PP P P p pp p
F1 generation P P P p Pp Pp Pp P Pp P p p P p p p
F2 generation
75% = Purple
25% = White

31. 1 minute: Cross a heterozygous yellow (Yy) seeded pea plant with a homozygous recessive green (yy) seeded pea plant
1) List the offspring genotypes.
2) List the offspring phenotypes.
3) What is the probability or growing a homozygous dominant pea plant?
4) What is the probability of growing yellow seeds? Y y
2Yy, 2yy
2 yellow, 2 green Y y y y y Y 0% y y y
50%

32. Biolog Y Practice Quiz everl
How are dominant alleles expressed? Recessive?
Which of the following are genotypes? Phenotypes?
TT Green yY Pp Purple gg Smooth
Which of the following are heterozygous genotypes?
Genes may often be found in two forms (dominant and recessive). What are these alternate forms of a gene called?
If item A is found in a 2:1 ratio compared to item B, what percentage is item A?
If item A is found in a 4:1 ratio compared to item B, what percentage is item A?
Cross a heterozygous tall pea plant with a homozygous dominant tall pea plant. List the genotypes in a Punnett square. What’s the probability of growing a:
tall plant?
homozygous dominant plant?
homozygous recessive plant?
Practice Quiz
Biolog
everl Y