2. SCIENCE STARTER
Substances on the left side of a chemical equation are called _____________________?
What does a chemical formula tell you?
What are carbohydrates broken into?
What is chemical energy called?

3. CHANGING MATTER
Living things use different chemical reactions to get the energy needed for life processes.

4. CHEMICAL REACTIONS H2 + O2 H20
Changing a substance requires a chemical reaction. During this process, bonds between atoms are broken, and new ones are formed.
A reactant is a substance that is changed in a chemical reaction
A product is a new substance that is formed.
H2 + O2 H20

5. METABOLISM
Your cells and body get the energy it needs from the food that you eat
Food is digested and broken into small pieces so it can be used by your cells
This requires many complex reactions that release energy in the form of ATP which is your bodies main energy source

6. ENERGY IN FOOD
Main sources of energy; carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Calories on food labels give you information as to the energy contained in the food
Metabolizing foods give us energy and heat
You can tell how much energy is contained in food by the heat it produces
Can measure this heat by using a calorimeter

7. SCIENCE STARTER What are the reactants in the above equation?
How many carbon atoms are on the product side?
How do we measure how much energy is in food

8. calorimetry READ DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY – NO DO OVERS
MEASURE 4 FOODS- ADD A COLUMNN ON DATA
TABLE 2.
3. SAFETY GLASSES AT ALL TIMES
4. SET UP SHOULD LOOK LIKE THE PICTURE
5. MAKE SURE YOUR PAPER CLIP IS STABLE
6. CHANGE WATER EACH TIME

9. Science starter What is ATP? What biomolecule is ATP an Example of?
What are the 3 parts that make up ATP?

10. atp Main source of energy for Cell activities Chemical reactions
ATP –adenosine triphosphate
Nucleic acid – base, sugar, and phosphate
Main source of energy for
Cell activities
Chemical reactions
All processes for life ( heart beating, digestion ect…)

11. ***There are other molecules that store energy (glucose and fat) but none is as readily/quickly available as ATP. Ten million ATP molecules are made and remade per minute!

12. ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE--ATP
RIBOSE SUGAR
HIGH ENERGY
BONDS
ADENINE
ADENOSINE
PHOSPHATE GROUPS
Notice the last two bonds of ATP are drawn with a squiggly lines to indicate _______________________.
High energy bonds

13. The energy needed to form ATP comes from the food we eat.
When we need energy A phosphate is removed to use the energy in the bonds.
Turns into ADP

14. Energy from ATP can be used to do work in cells such as:\
Make macromolecules (carbs, proteins, lipids) by
_____________________________ and enzyme action.
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

15. 2. Muscle contractions for movement
3. Transport of molecules across a
cell membrane (active transport)

16. video

17. 1. Which picture shows ATP?B
What are the three parts of ATP
3. List two functions of the body that require ATP
4. What is ATP broken down into when a phosphate
Is removed

18. ATP

19. REVIEW
1. In this chemical reaction which side is the reactant and which side is the
products
H2 + O2 H20
Which of the following polymer/monomer combinations is correct?
Carbohydrates Glycerol and fatty acids
Nucleic acids glucose
Proteins amino acids
Lipids Nucleotides

21. video

22. PICK UP ENZYME INTERNET ACTIVITY IF YOU TURNED IT IN

23. REVIEW What is an enzyme? What is the function of an enzyme?
2 factors that denature enzymes?
Which letter shows you the substrate
What determines how an enzyme
Functions?

24. Biological reactions + eNZYMES
In life many of the chemical reactions needed to keep you alive would happen much to slow for us to stay alive
Enzymes are needed so that these reactions can occur very quickly in order to sustain life.
Catalase – helps break down toxins in the body (hydrogen peroxide)
Protease – breaks down proteins
Lipase – breaks down fats
Amylase – breaks down starch
Lactase – Breaks down lactose

25. ACTIVATION ENERGY- energy needed to start a reaction

26. ENZYMES
Enzyme: Is a molecule, usually a protein that increases the speed of biochemical reactions.
Each enzyme has an active site, the region where the reaction takes place.
The shape of the active site determines which reactants, or substrates, will bind to it. Each different enzyme acts only on specific substrates.
Binding of the substrates causes the enzyme’s shape to change. This change causes some bonds in the substrates to break and new bonds to form.

28. ENZYMES
Enzymes
Many enzymes are proteins. Changes in temperature and pH can change a protein’s shape.
If an enzyme changes shape, it won’t work well.
Most enzymes need a certain range of temperatures and pH.

29. Science starter
What is the name of E
What is the name of B?

30. coenzymes Some enzymes need helpers to carry out their job
They also bind to the active site

31. Competitive inhibitors
A molecule that is similar to the shape of the enzyme binds to the active site.
The enzyme cannot bind
Many poisons and drugs are
Competitive inhibitors

32. Enzyme Review 1.What are the structures labeled A and B
2. What is the purpose of this structure?
3. What two things would affect how the structure
Works?

33. Review What fits into the active site of an enzyme
What is an example of a competitive inhibitor
What two things will affect an enzyme
What is a coenzyme?
What parts made up a molecule of ATP?

34. 1. Which picture shows ADP
Science starter
2. What is C called?

35. CATALASE

36. The Liver Largest organ Weighs 3-3.5 lbs Size of a football
copyright cmassengale
The Liver
Largest organ
Weighs lbs
Size of a football
Most important organ; used to produce and store biochemicals
Used to detoxify the body, removes bacteria, stores vitamins
The liver is located on the right side of your body beneath the ribs. Copyright © 2004 Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA USA. All rights reserved.

37. Diseases
If the liver is exposed to toxins for to long it can become damaged and not do it’s job
Cirrhosis – drinking alcohol
Hepatitis C
Increased salt intake can decrease the livers ability to break down toxins

38. LAB: CATALASE
As our bodies remove waste products and toxins to keep us healthy hydrogen peroxide is produced
H2O2 → H2O + O2
An enzyme (catalase) in our liver breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen which is not harmful to us.
When we ingest excess salt the liver cells break down the hydrogen peroxide less effectively.
When we are exposed to extreme conditions our enzymes are affected