1. Cells are the Basic unit of life.
KEY CONCEPT
Cells are the Basic unit of life.
Why does this cell look like a Fried Egg?

2. The Cell Theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.
Scientists that contributed to the Cell Theory:
Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Schleiden
Schwann
Virchow

3. Early studies led to the development of the cell theory.
The Cell theory has three principles.
All organisms are made of cells.
All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
The cell is the most basic unit of life.

4. There are two cell types: Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells.
All cells share certain characteristics.
1. All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane.
2. All cells are filled with cytoplasm.
cell membrane
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cytoplasm

5. Prokaryotic Cells Characteristics:
Prokaryotic Cells do not have a nucleus
Prokaryotic Cells do not have membrane bound organelles.
cell membrane
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cytoplasm

6. Eukaryotic Cells Characteristics: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cells have membrane bound organelles.
nucleus
organelles
cell membrane
cytoplasm

7. Cells Have an Internal Structure
Cytoskeleton has many functions
supports and shapes cell
helps position and transport organelles
provides strength
assists in cell division
aids in cell movement

8. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Golgi Apparatus
Vessicles
Ribosomes
Mitochodria
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts

9. Nucleus Stores genetic information
Nuclear envelope – double membrane encloses nucleus
Nuclear Pores – holes in membrane to allow passage of molecules
Nucleolus – dense region that makes ribosomes

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Series of folded membranes
“Intracellular Highway”
Many processes occur on surface and lumen (interior of membranes)
ex: Production of proteins
and lipids

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
There are two types:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (R.E.R.)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R.)
Lumen

12. Ribosome Ribosome's link amino acids to form proteins
Made of protein and RNA
Attached to E.R. OR
Free floating in Cytoplasm

13. Golgi Apparatus Closely stacked membranes
Package, Sort, and Processes Proteins from the E.R.

14. Vesicles
Membrane-bound sacs pinch off from E.R. and fuse with Golgi Body
Hold materials and safely transports materials throughout cell
Short-lived and recycled as needed

15. Mitochondria Supply energy to the cell Consists of two membranes
Have their own DNA and ribosomes

16. Vacuoles Fluid-filled sacs used for storage
Ex: Water, food molecules, enzymes
Central vacuole unique to plant cells
Takes up most the space in the cell

17. Lysosomes Contain enzymes inside to digest material Double membrane
Defend cells from bacteria and viruses
Break down damaged or worn-out cell parts

18. Centrosome and Centrioles
Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes
Centrioles help divide DNA.
Centrosomes make microtubles which make spindle fibers
Centrioles form cilia and flagella

19. Plant cells Have TWO features Animal Cells Do Not
Cell wall
- Provides rigid support
Cholorplasts
- convert solar energy to chemical energy