1. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells lab 1
Molecular Biology
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells lab 1

2. Definitions of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells
A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other structures (organelles) enclosed within membranes for examples: plants, animals
Prokaryote are group of organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus . for examples: bacteria, .

3. Animal and plant cells

4. Difference between plant and animal cells
Plant Cell
Cell wall:
Absent
Present
Shape:
Round (irregular shape)
Rectangular (fixed shape)
Vacuole:
One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells).
One, large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume.
Centrioles:
Present in all animal cells
Only present in lower plant forms.
Chloroplast:
Animal cells don't have chloroplasts
Plant cells have chloroplasts because they make their own food
Plastids:
Plasma Membrane:
only cell membrane
cell wall and a cell membrane
Nucleus:

5. A typical prokaryotic cell

6. Characteristics of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell
unicellular organisms.
Do not have a nuclear membrane . Their circular shaped genetic material dispersed throughout cytoplasm.
Do not have membrane-bound organelles .
Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure.
Prokaryotes are smaller in size when compared to Eukaryotes.

7. Comparison of features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
EUKARYOTES
PROKARYOTES
Algae, Fungi, Plants, and animal
Bacteria,
1- Typical organism
10-100µm
1-10 µm
2- Typical size
Linear
Circular
3- DNA
RNA synthesis inside the nucleus
Protein synthesis in cytoplasm
In cytoplasm
4- RNA and Protein synthesis
Present
Absent
5- Nucleus
Present (less than prokaryotes)
6- Ribosomes
One to several thousand
7- Mitochondria
In algae and plants
8- Chloroplasts
Single cells, colonies, higher multicellular organisms with specialized cells
Usually single cells
9- organization
Mitosis (fission or budding)
Meiosis
Binary fission (simple division)
10- Cell division

8. Shapes of Prokaryotes