1. The Protestant Reformation
Unit 2 Notes
The Protestant Reformation

2. I. The Era of Reform
Due to the ideas “found” in the Renaissance… many Northern Europeans accused the Catholic Church of losing sight of its spiritual mission.
They said the Church was more interested in income than in saving souls.

3. I. The Era of Reform
C. The first break with the Roman Catholic Church would take place in Germany when Pope Leo X sent a messenger to the Northern states of Germany to sell indulgences in order to raise money for the construction of St. Peter’s Basilica.

4. St. Peter’s Basilica Square, Vatican, Rome

5. I. The Era of Reform
D. Selling indulgences, or a pardon from the punishment for sin, outraged many Northern Europeans. Among them was a monk named Martin Luther.
Johann Tetzel
Martin Luther

6. II. Martin Luther
In a quest for salvation Luther quit Law School and became a Monk.
However, Luther found that the Church’s methods for overcoming sin gave him no comfort.

7. II. Martin Luther
C. Luther taught that ceremony, rituals, and good deeds were not what saved someone, rather it was one’s inner faith in God. D. Luther believed that people were saved by the grace of God and not by their own actions. This idea is known as “Justification by grace through faith” or Solo Gratia and Solo Fide (through Grace and Faith alone)

8. II. Martin Luther
E. On October 31, 1517 Luther posted his 95 Theses, or his list of complaints against the Church on the church’s front door.

9. III. The Church’s Reaction
A. Luther also claimed that the Bible was the sole religious authority, that ceremonies could not make up for sin, and that priest had no special role in helping gain salvation.

10. III. The Church’s Reaction
B. The invention of the Printing Press was instrumental in Luther spreading his doctrine, and as a result in 1521 the Roman Catholic Church led by Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic and had him excommunicated.

11. III. The Church’s Reaction
C. The Church forced Luther to appear before what was known as an Imperial Diet, or a special meeting of the empires rulers. In the German city of Worms Luther was banned as an outlaw. When he refused to recant his statements. This event is known as the Diet of Worms.

12. III. The Church’s Reaction
D. However, Luther would continue to print his works known as Lutheranism, and he would translate the Bible into German making the Bible available to the masses for the first time. As a result Protestantism would spread rapidly throughout Northern Europe.

13. IV. The Anglican Church
In England the Protestant Reformation would come about in an entirely different manner.
Martin Luther did not cause England to break from the Roman Catholic Church, rather it was King Henry VIII and his quest for a
divorce.

14. IV. The Anglican Church
C. When the Catholic Church refused to grant Henry VIII a divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon because she did not deliver him a son he withdrew England from the Catholic Church and started his own church known as The Anglican Church. The Church of England as it is also called very closely resembles the Roman Catholic Church.
Catherine of Aragon

15. V. The Wives of Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
Anne of Cleves
Divorced
Divorced
Married in 1509
Marriage annulled in 1533
Had 5 children, 3 boys & 2 girls
Only one child (Mary I) lived past one year. Died of Cancer in 1536
Married 1540
Marriage annulled 1540 due to previous relationship
No children
Survived Henry VIII
Died 1557
Anne Boleyn
Catherine Howard
Beheaded
Beheaded
Married in 1533
Had a boy and a girl
Boy stillborn
Girl (Elizabeth I)
Executed for High Treason in 1536
Married 1540
No children
Executed for High Treason 1542
Jane Seymour
Katherine Parr
Died
Survived
Married 1536
One son (Edward VI)
Died after childbirth 1537
Married 1543
2 previous marriages
No children with Henry VIII
Survived Henry VIII
Died 1548