1. Powering from short circuit tests up to nominal
Antonio Vergara for the HCC Team
28th March, 2007

2. General Overview What we want to do? When are we going to do it?
Power ALL the superconducting circuits of the LHC up to their nominal operation current (7 TeV) without beam.
When are we going to do it?
FROM MONDAY. See Blanca’s slides
Where are we going to do it?
In the tunnel (Field Control Room) and on the surface (CCC)
Who is going to do it?
The Commissioning Crew. See Roberto’s slides
How are we going to do it?
Well, safely and fast. See Robin’s, Paul’s and Antonio’s slides

3. General Overview So far we have learnt about
Superconducting electrical circuits
Power converters
Superconducting magnets, busbars and current leads
Powering interlock system
Quench protection system
Cooling and ventilation, AC distribution, cabling
Cryogenics
The Powering Tests will make these systems work together for the first time.
But before that…

4. The Way to the Powering Tests
Individual System Tests (IST)
The Short-Circuit Tests

5. The Short-Circuit Tests

6. The Way to the Powering Tests
Individual System Tests (IST)
The Short-Circuit Tests
START OF COOL-DOWN
CRYOGENIC CONDITIONS
3. Powering Procedure Tests
4. PIC1 - Correctors
5. Electrical Quality Cold
6. Quench Heater Discharge
7. PIC1 – Main Magnets
8. Connection of the converters to the CL

7. During Cool-Down…

8. THE POWERING TESTS And at last… 3. PIC2
CONVERTERS CONNECTED TO THE MAGNETS
3. PIC2
4. Powering to Nominal of every circuit (P2N)
5. 24-hour run with all the circuits at nominal

9. Powering Interlock Tests – PIC1 & PIC2 - FAQ
What do PIC1 and PIC2 validate?
The correct functioning of the powering interlock system and associated systems and
The interfaces between the Powering Interlock Controllers and the QPS, Energy Extraction and Power Converters
Which is the difference between PIC1 and PIC2?
For PIC1 the converters are NOT CONNECTED to the superconducting magnets while for PIC2 the converters are CONNECTED to the superconducting magnets. PIC2 is therefore the first test with current in the magnets
Why is PIC1 for the correctors done without the Stable Cryogenics Conditions?
PIC1 for the correctors has no interference in the superconducting part of the circuit, on the other hand PIC1 for the main circuits implies discharge of the quench heaters which can only be done under stable cryogenic conditions.
Do we need to complete PIC1 in the whole powering subsector for starting PIC2?
YES
Do we need to complete PIC2 in the whole powering subsector for starting P2N?
NO, but preferable

10. Types of electrical circuits with sc magnets
13 kA Main: Main dipoles and main quadrupoles (24 circuits)
IT: Inner triplet quadrupoles (8 circuits)
IPQD: Individual powered insertion main magnets (94 circuits)
Extraction of the energy stored in the magnets is performed by the QPS system
600 A EE: most 600 A corrector magnets powered in series (202 circuits)
Extraction of the energy stored in the magnets is performed with an energy extraction unit back to back to the power converter rack
600 A no EE crowbar: most individual 600 A trim quadrupoles (136 circuits)
Extraction of the energy stored in the magnets is performed with the power converter
600 A no EE: inner triplet correctors (56 circuits)
No energy extraction unit required
80-120A: 80 A and 120 A (300 circuits)
No energy extraction unit required, connected to the Powering Interlock Controller
60A: 60 A (752 circuits)
No energy extraction unit required, not connected to the Powering Interlock Controller
R.Schmidt

11. The Main Dipole Circuit Powering
PM Analysis Results
RB Circuit
PM data
12 kA EE
Quench
8.5 kA
Loss PP
6 kA
Quench
2 kA
SPA
FPA EE
PIC2
Injection 760A
350A

12. Sequence of Powering Tests
Injection
Intermediate 1
Intermediate 2
Intermediate 3
Nominal

13. Circuit Inventory Sector 7-8
ARC 7-8
60A
XL8
ML8
120A RB RQ
Q6-Q10
600A
Q4Q5D2 5 94 22 47 1 2 3 12 14
DESIGN
200 22 47 1 2 5 94 3 12
186
TRIPLET 22 47 1 2 5 94 3 12
MB1055
186
Max 2kA
MB1055 20 23 1 2 5 94 3 12
160
160 Circuits fully Commissioned
Status after the
Powering Tests
3 Main Circuits (RB, RQF, RQD) to be re-commissioned
1 Inner Triplet and 26 arc correctors never powered

14. The Two Fronts
FRONT 1
FRONT 2
E.Barbero / Mr Circuit

15. Parallelism or what can be done at the same time?
The 3 types of parallelisms:
Parallelisms between sectors
Parallelisms between fronts
Parallelisms between circuits – Battery
General Constraints:
One Front can commission only one circuit or one battery at a time
Tests carried out by one Front should be transparent to the other ones

16. Constraints on Parallel Commissioning
Two sectors cannot test simultaneously
Two or more 13kA circuits
Two fronts cannot test simultaneously
Circuits in the same powering subsector when one main circuit is involved.

17. The Two Fronts – Arc 7-8 Afternoon Shift Morning Shift
Morning & Afternoon

18. Constraints on Parallel Commissioning
Two sectors cannot test simultaneously
Two or more 13kA circuits
Two fronts cannot test simultaneously
Circuits in the same powering subsector when one essential circuit is involved.
A battery cannot
Include circuits above 600A
Imply more than one DFB
Imply more than two DFB chimneys
Include circuits sharing the same QPS controller
Include circuits from different circuit type
Include circuits from different powering subsectors

19. Schedule Preparation Preparation PIC2 P2N P2N PIC2 FRONT 1 2 Shifts
ARC 7-8
60A
ML8
CRYO-OK 4.5K
Today
WEEK 13
WEEK 15
WEEK 14
WEEK 16
Preparation
CRYO-OK 1.9K
Preparation
PIC2
P2N
P2N
PIC2
FRONT 1
2 Shifts
FRONT 2
2 Shifts

20. Sector 7-8 – Total
TOTAL TIME SECTOR 7-8: 10 WEEKS (from CRYO_START)

21. Glossary Powering Tests Short-Circuit Tests Field Control Room
Individual System Tests (IST)
Powering Procedure Tests
PIC1
PIC2
Circuit type
Sequence
Fronts
Parallelism
Battery of circuits
Sector
Powering Subsector
QPS Controller
DFB Chimeny
Morning and afternoon shifts
Post-Mortem (PM) Analysis
Injection Current
Intermediate Current
I_MIN_OP Current
Nominal current