1. Final Review for 2D Design

2. Elements of Art Little Shannon Forgot To Vacuum Some Crumbs!
Line – is defined as a mark with length and direction, created by a point that moves across a surface
Shape– is a flat figure created when actual or implied lines meet to surround a space. Shapes may be geometric or organic
Form – is any three-dimensional object
Texture – the way a surface feels (actual texture) or how it may look (implied texture).
Value – The range of light and dark on a shape or form or in an entire space. Value is the amount of lightness or darkness in a color
Space (positive and negative) - the empty or open area between, around, above, below, or within objects
Color – The perceived character of a surface according to the wavelength of light reflected from it

3. Principles of Design
Balance – is a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc.  Balance can be symmetrical or evenly balanced or asymmetrical and un-evenly balanced. Asymmetrical is a type of balance in which both sides of a composition are balanced yet different. Symmetrical - A type of balance in which both sides of a composition are the same.
Rhythm – the repeated use of similar elements such as color, line, or shape - the smooth transition from one part to another
Unity – is the harmony of all visual elements in a composition
Contrast – shows difference between the elements of art, which are: line, color, shape, value, space, and texture
Emphasis - is given to a center of interest, which might be the largest, brightest, or lightest subject. Other terms that mean emphasis are Dominance and Focal Point

4. Color
Color Wheel – The circular chart used to remember color relationships
Analogous – three colors that are adjacent or next to one another on a color wheel
Cool Colors – Blue, green, violet: colors that represent cold things ie ice, water etc…
Warm Colors – Yellow, red, orange; colors that represent warm things ie fire, sun etc…
Complimentary – colors directly opposite another on a color wheel and providing the greatest chromatic contrast to it

5. Color cont.
Triad Color Scheme – A color scheme in which 3 colors of equidistant distribution on the color wheel are used, The color plan of red, yellow and blue is an example of a triad color schemes
Primary Colors – are colors that cannot be created by mixing other colors
Secondary Colors – a color produced by mixing two primary colors in equal proportions
Tertiary Colors – is a color made by mixing one primary color with one secondary color
Monochromatic – This color scheme involves the use of only one hue. The hue can vary in value, and black or white may be added to create various shades or tints
Intensity – the brightness or dullness of a color
Shade – a color which has been mixed with black; has a darker value
Tint – color which has been mixed with white; has a lighter value
Neutrals – Colors that go with all color plans-- white, black, gray and brown

6. Basic Art Terms
Landscapes – A painting, drawing, photograph, etc of outdoor scenery
Portraits – When the subject of a work of art is a person’s face
Self- Portraits – When an artist poses for their own portrait
Caricature – a portrait that exaggerates or distorts the essence of a person or thing to create an easily identifiable visual likeness
Horizontal – holding your paper or canvas long ways
Vertical – holding your paper or canvas up and down
Midtone – the shade or color of a form without adding a dark or light
Dark – the area of a form that is not exposed to light
Highlight – the lightest spot or area
Shadow – a dark figure or image cast on the ground or some surface by a body intercepting light
Light Source – where the light in a drawing or painting is coming from

7. Basic Art Terms Cont.
Gradation – a shading technique that has gradual passing from one tint or shade to another
Stippling – a shading technique using small dots to create values
Hatching – a shading technique in which fine lines are drawn close together
Cross Hatching – a shading technique that uses two series of parallel lines that intersect
Color Scheme – A plan for selecting colors for a composition
Contrast – shows difference between the elements of art, which are: line, color, shape, value, space, and texture
Opaque – Cannot see through
Transparent – Can see through

8. Light Source
Highlight
Midtone
Dark
Shadow
Gradation
Stippling
Hatching
Cross Hatching

9. Basic Art Terms cont.
One Point Perspective – A system of spatial illusion in 2D art that is based on the convergence of parallel lines to a common vanishing point on the horizon line
Two Point Perspective – A system of spatial illusion in 2D art that is based on the convergence of parallel lines to two vanishing points on the horizon line
Vanishing Point – all lines lead to this point which may be on or off the canvas
Horizon Line – An imaginary line, where the sky meets the ground at eye level
Receding Lines – The lines used in perspective that slope backward to the vanishing point(s)
Gesture Drawing – Quick sketches that show movement. Warm up sketches
Blind Contour Line Drawing – Long, continuous, concentrated drawing following the contours of a figure without lifting the pencil or looking at the paper.
Figure Drawing – Drawing from a model traditionally using compressed and vine charcoal.
Still Life –A drawing, painting, or photograph of inanimate objects in an artificial setting.

10. Material
Watercolor – Translucent pigment activated by water. Can be in a tray or a tube.
Acrylic Paint – Plastic based paint developed in the 50s. Dries quickly and can be layer for thick texture.
Chalk Pastels – Dusty material that blends well.
Oil Pastels – Oil based material that has rich color and blends well.
Hot Press Illustration Board – Material that can be used with dry and wet mediums; smooth little texture
Cold Press Illustration Board – Material that can be used with dry and wet mediums; rough with texture
Xacto Knife – Sharp blade used for detailed cutting
Mat Knife – Box cutter or utility knife used for cutting mat boards
Joint Compound/Spackle – Thick paste that can create texture on canvas or illustration board.
Watercolor Brush – Fluffy brush that is meant to absorb water
Acrylic Brush –Stiffer brush strong enough to push paint around
Palette – Could be plastic, metal, wax paper but it is meant to have paint on it and mix colors on before they are applied to the canvas/board/paper.

11. Artists/Genres
Abstract Art – In general, there are two types of abstract paintings. The first type of abstract painting portrays objects that have been "abstracted" (taken) from nature. Although what you see may not look realistic, it is close enough that you can, at least, get an idea of what you are looking at. A second type of abstract painting, sometimes referred to as "pure" abstract art, is even more obtuse. Such paintings do not reflect any form of conventional reality: all you see are shapes, colors, lines, patterns, and so on.
Romanticism – Second half of the 18th century in Europe. Validated strong emotion and expression through the use of color.
Francisco Goya – Spanish painter. Lost hearing from illness and became deaf. Went mad and painted all over the walls in his home not intended to be seen by the public eye.
Saturn Devouring His Son , Oil, 143 cm X 81 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid –

12. Artists/Genres cont.
Henri Fuseli – British painter, was denied by his love and was said to have painted her in The Nightmare as the woman.
The Nightmare Oil on Canvas cm X cm Detroit Institute of Arts – Represents folklore. Portrays feeling of dread and helplessness.
Leonardo da Vinci –
Mona Lisa , Oil on poplar, 30 in x 21 in,
Museum du Louvre, Paris – The most famous portrait
in the world. The woman in the painting was Lisa del
Giocondo This was a commissioned by her husband
Francesco del Giocondo in celebration of the birth of
their second child. There was a thin veil around her
shoulders that was just recently discovered in the
painting. This veil represented either pregnancy or
recently giving birth. The painting is widely known for
the smile.