1. Chapter 10.2 Building a Muslim Empire
OBJECTIVE
To learn about where Islam spread—Middle East and North Africa—after Mohammad’s death and
About the 2 main sects of Islam: Sunni and Shia (Shiite)

2. This is important b/c…. As it grew, Islam became more influential.
There is conflict btwn the branches of Islam: Sunni and Shiites.

3. Chapter 10 vocab
Kaaba 1 Quran 1 mosque 1 Hajj 1 jihad 1 Sharia 1 caliph 2 Minarets 2 Calligraphy 3 Taj Mahal 4

4. Focus Q: Nov. 14 Are family Holiday gatherings fun?
What are the best/worst things about them?
How will you organize them when you are an adult?

5. Focus Q: Nov. 17
What are the 5 pillars of Islam? Which would be the easiest for you to comply with? The hardest? Why?

7. Abu Bakr—Mohammad’s father-in-law
1st ***Caliph: successor to Mohammad***
Main leader of Muslims
“if you worship Mohammad, Mohammad is dead. If you worship God, God is alive”

8. Arabs Unite Under Islam
After several battles, Abu Bakr unites many Arab tribes based on their loyalty to Islam, not a person, leader, etc.
Are united under 1 leader, the Caliph
convert the remaining Arab tribes to Islam
This ends fighting among Arabs
Conquer much of Byzantine Empire and Persian (Iran) Empire entirely

9. The Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice. No priesthood.
Teaches equality.
Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.
Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes.
Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

10. The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

11. Divisions: Sunnis and Shias
Who will be the Muslim leader?
Shiites: must be a descendant of Ali (son-in-law) and Fatima
Sunnis: any pious Muslim male from Mohammad’s tribe

12. ***descendant of Ali (son-in-law)*** and Fatima
Shiites: %
Leader must be a
***descendant of Ali (son-in-law)*** and Fatima
2. These people, called Imams, are divinely inspired religious leaders
Can interpret the Quran and Mohammad’s actions
Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen

14. Sunnis: 90% Leader can be any pious Muslim male from Mohammad’s tribe
Called a Caliph (successor)
Is a political leader of the religious community
Not divine, inspiration comes from Mohammad’s example

16. Sunni and Shiite Schism
Conflict continues btwn them today
85-90% of Muslims are Sunni
Most Shiites live in Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen

18. How do you
read this map?

19. Laugh with me……
What do you call the soft tissue between a shark's teeth?
The slow swimmer.
What are mixed feelings?
Watching your mother-in-law backing up towards the edge of a cliff in your new BMW.

20. Sufis
***mystics who sought communion w/God through meditation and fasting***
Iike Christian Monks or Nuns, help spread Islam
In both Sunni and Shiite branches

21. form of Sama, physically active meditation
Sufis dancing

22. Whirling Dervish

23. Umayyads (Sunni) After Ali dies, Umayyad Caliphate rules until 750
***Capital is in Damascus, Syria***
Extend Arab rule to Spain, North Africa, India
Moved into France, defeated at the Battle of Tours—no further European advancement

25. Umayyads (Sunni)
***Reasons for success: Persians, Byzantines are weak***
Also, camel and horse cavalry—aggressive, mobile—hard to stop

27. Conquered people treated fairly
***Muslim leaders impose a tax on non-Muslims***
Allow Christians, Jews and others to practice their religion and follow their own laws
Prohibit looting, destruction of conquered lands—Why is this wise?
Will have $ for tribute, taxes

28. Conquered people treated fairly
Many non-Muslims convert for a variety of reasons
Islam has no hierarchy or class of priests
***In theory, it emphasizes the equality of all people***
Can you think of exceptions to this?

29. Decline of Umayyads
Difficult to manage a larger empire
Lots of $ flows in—when conquests stop—economic tensions begin
***many Muslims criticize the luxurious lifestyle of Caliphs at Damascus***, different than earlier Caliphs
Non-Arab converts have fewer rights than Arabs

30. 10.2 Left Side Make a Venn diagram comparing Sunni and Shiite Muslims
Then draw 1 picture that represents Sunni’s and 1 picture that represents Shiite’s.
Color