1. TALKIE TIME AND RECAP

2. Learning Competencies:
1. Consolidates significant findings (addendum)
2. forms logical conclusions (CG)
3. makes recommendations based on conclusions (CG)

3. Activity: WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER ABOUT STATING SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS?

4. Summary of Findings, Conclusions and
CHAPTER 3
Summary of Findings, Conclusions and
Recommendations
Significant Findings
Narrowed findings from chapter 2
Major statements of factual information based on the analyzed data.
Only the major and salient findings are included in this chapter.
All sub-problems must have their respective findings.
The results of the hypothesis must be included.
No numerical data should be included

5. The Larvicidal Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaves
Extract on Mortality of Second Instar Stage of Common
House Mosquito (Culex pipiens fatigans)

6. THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
The main focus of this study was to determine the larvicidal effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaves Extract on the Mortality of second instar stage of Common House Mosquito (Culex pipiens fatigans).
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following queries:

7. 1. What is the mean count of mosquito larvae before the treatment on the following groups:
1.1 Control Group (resmethrin brand); and
1.2 Experimental Group?
2. What is the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatment (24 and 48 hours) in the following groups:
2.1 Positive Control Group; and
2.2 Experimental Group concentrations: % % % %?

8. Is there a significant difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) before and after the treatments of the 2 groups in (24 & 48 hours)?
4. Is there a significant difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the two groups in (24 and 48 hours)?
5. Is there a significant difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the different concentrations of the experimental group?

9. Null Hypotheses
Ho 1. There is no significant difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) before and after the treatments of the 2 groups in (24 & 48 hours).
Ho 2. There is no significant difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the two groups in (24 and 48 hours).
Ho 3. There is no significant difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the different concentrations of the experimental group.

10. Mean Count of Mosquito Larvae Before Treatment
Table 1
Mean Count of Mosquito Larvae Before Treatment
Groups
Replicate 1
Replicate 2
Replicate 3
Total
Mortality Rate
Control
(Resmithrin Brand) 20 60
Experimental 1 (25%)
Experimental 2 (50%)
Experimental 3
(75%)
Experimental 4
(100%)
100
300

11. Groups Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3 Total Left Mortality Rate
Table 2-A
Mean Count of Mosquito Larvae After Treatment (in 24 Hours)
Groups
Replicate 1
Replicate 2
Replicate 3
Total
Left
Mortality Rate
Control
(Resmithrin Brand) 17 18 53 7 88
Experimental 1 (25%) 6 8 4 42 30
Experimental 2 (50%) 10 9 11 50
Experimental 3
(75%) 15 16 49 82
Experimental 4
(100%) 19 51 85

12. Groups Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3 Total Left Mortality Rate
Table 2-B
Mean Count of Mosquito Larvae After Treatment (in 48 Hours)
Groups
Replicate 1
Replicate 2
Replicate 3
Total
Left
Mortality Rate
Control
(Resmithrin Brand) 19 18 56 4 93
Experimental 1 (25%) 11 9 7 27 33 45
Experimental 2 (50%) 12 13 36 24 60
Experimental 3
(75%) 17 53 88
Experimental 4
(100%) 54 6 90

13. Groups Before Treatment After Treatment (24 Hrs) Difference Computed T
Table 3
Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) before and after the treatments of the 2 groups in (24hours)
Groups
Before Treatment
After Treatment (24 Hrs)
Difference
Computed T
Critical T
Decision
Interpretation
Control 60 7 53
3.32
1.21
Reject Ho
Significant
Experimental 1 (25%) 42 18
1.04
Accept Ho
Not Significant
Experimental (50%) 30
1.75
Experimental (75%) 11 49
3.09
Experimental (100%) 9 51
3.17

14. Groups Before Treatment After Treatment (48 Hrs) Difference Computed T
Table 3-b
Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) before and after the treatments of the 2 groups in (48 hours)
Groups
Before Treatment
After Treatment (48 Hrs)
Difference
Computed T
Critical T
Decision
Interpretation
Control 60 4 56
3.56
1.21
Reject Ho
Significant
Experimental 1 (25%) 33 27
1.38
Experimental (50%) 24 36
2.26
Experimental (75%) 7 53
3.32
Experimental (100%) 6 54
3.42

15. Table 4-a
Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the two groups in (24 hrs)
Groups
After Treatment (24 Hrs)
Difference
Computed T
Critical T
Decision
Interpretation
Control vs
Experimental 1 (25%) 7 35
4.01
1.21
Reject Ho
Significant 42
Experimental (50%) 23
3.72 30
Experimental (75%) 4
0.72
Accept Ho
Not Significant 11
Experimental (100%) 2
0.41 9

16. Table 4-b
Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the two groups in (48 hrs)
Groups
After Treatment (48 Hrs)
Difference
Computed T
Critical T
Decision
Interpretation
Control vs
Experimental 1 (25%) 4 29
3.80
1.21
Reject Ho
Significant 33
Experimental (50%) 20
3.53 24
Experimental (75%) 3
0.61
Accept Ho
Not Significant 7
Experimental (100%) 2
0.41 6

17. After Treatment (24 Hrs) Computed F Critical T Decision Interpretation
Table 5-a
Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the different concentrations of the experimental group 24 hrs.)
Groups
After Treatment (24 Hrs)
Computed F
Critical T
Decision
Interpretation
Experimental 1 (25%) 42
6.11
4.46
Reject Ho
Significant
Experimental (50%) 30
Experimental (75%) 11
Experimental (100%) 9

18. Table 5-b
Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the different concentrations of the experimental group (48 hrs.)
Groups
After Treatment (48 Hrs)
Computed F
Critical T
Decision
Interpretation
Experimental 1 (25%) 33
5.91
4.46
Reject Ho
Significant
Experimental (50%) 24
Experimental (75%) 7
Experimental (100%) 6

19. Summary of Findings
A. Mean Count of Dead Mosquito Larvae After the Treatment (24 & 48 Hours)
The positive control group, resmithrin aerosol brand is an effective larvecide as revealed in 24 and 48 hours observation. In the experimental group, the first 24 hours has significantly produced a noteworthy mortality rate and higher after 48 hrs., especially the 75 and 100% concentrations of the neem extracts. This means that the neem extracts with deferring concentrations can potentially kill the larvae of the second instar stage of the common house hold mosquitos.

20. B. Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) before and after the treatments of the 2 groups in (24 & 48 hours)
In positive control group, the pre-to-post treatment yielded a significant difference of the mortality rate in both 24 and 48 hours. This is expected as the aerosol is a known larvecide. In the experimental group in the first 24 hours, out of the 4 experimental groups, 3 groups (50%,75% and 100%) concentrations of neem extracts rendered significant difference in the pre-and post treatments. While four out of 4 experimental groups (25%, 50%,75% and 100%) concentrations of neem extracts rendered significant difference in the pre-and post treatments after 48 hours. The time element is a factor contributing to the mortality rate of the larvae.

21. C. Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the two groups in (24 & 48 hrs).
Between positive control group and experimental group 1 (25%) concentration, it yielded a significant result. This means that the positive control group is more effective than the 25% neem concentration in both 24 & 48 Hours. Between positive control group and experimental group 2 (50%) concentration, it yielded a significant result. This means that the positive control group is more effective than the 50% neem concentration in both 24 and 48 hours. Between positive control group and experimental group 3 (75%) concentration, it yielded an insignificant result. This means that the experimental group 3 (75% concentration) is as effective as the positive control group in both 24 and 48 hours. Between positive control group and experimental group 4 (100%) concentration, it yielded an insignificant result. This means that the experimental group 4 (100% concentration) is as effective as the positive control group in both 24 and 48 hours.

22. D. Difference in the mean count of dead mosquito larvae (mortality) after the treatments in the different concentrations of the experimental group (24 & 48 hrs.)
The F test (ANOVA) reveals that there is a significant difference in the mortality rate produced by the 4 different concentrations of neem extract in the experimental set up. The 75% and 100% concentrations were highly effective compared to 25% and 50 % concentrations. This means that the different neem concentrations have different effects on the larvae. The higher is the concentration, the more effective it is as larvecide.

23. Guidelines on Conclusion
1. Conclusion should not contain numerals
2. No conclusions should be drawn from the implied effects of the findings.
3. Never repeat the findings in the conclusions section.
4. Conclusions should be formulated concisely and briefly stated but must convey as required in the sub-problems.
5. No conclusions should be made that were not based from the findings.

24. Conclusion
This is the part that provides implications based on significant findings
This should be an answer to the Hypothesis or assumptions
This could provide prognosis for existing theory/concept or principle or a new one.

25. CONCLUSIONS
1. The experimental groups (75% & 100% concentrations) are as effective as the positive control group. The neem extract is comparable to commercial aerosol as larvecide.
2. The time element is a factor contributing to the mortality rate of the larvae as revealed in the 24 hrs and 48 hrs interval results.
3. The different neem concentrations have different effects on the larvae. The higher is the concentration, the more effective it is as larvecide.

26. CONCLUSIONS
Conclusively, it can be said that neem has some biologically active components which show insecticidal activity- the Azadirachtin. This conclusion is supported by the previous investigations of various workers. So neem products may be used as mosquito population controlling agent, which is a vector of many diseases. They are cheaper and biodegadable and can be used easily by an ordinary man without hazardous effects.

27. Recommendations Drawn from the findings and conclusions of the study.
Recommendations
Drawn from the findings and conclusions of the study.
They must be feasible to be implemented.
Workable or functional, doable, adaptable and flexible.
They must be specific or general or both.
A suggestion for further study must be included. .

28. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Further study could be done on testing the Phytochemical of the Neem extracts. This is explained by the different solvents properties, such as polarity that enables them to extract different type of compound(s), and variety of compounds that results in different larvicidal properties.
2. Further study is needed for isolation and identification of bioactive compounds by different separation methods (such as column chromatography, TLC, and HPLC) and for identification methods using spectroscopy which includes UV, IR, MS and NMR.
3. Different parts of the Neem could also be tested not just the leaves. In other studies, the order of larvicidal potency among all the parts were leaf > root > seed > bark.
4. The experiment could also be tested on other species of mosquito like aedes aegypti and anopheles which gave most devastating cause of malaria and dengue.
5. The screening, handling and identification of mosquitos could be improved.

29. Drainage Management System Using Ultrasonic Sensors

30. THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
The researcher sought to innovate a new drainage system management with use of ultrasonic sensor. The main aim of this study is to provide a real-time information on the drainage condition and water level detection.
Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the Operation Design of the researcher-made drainage management system?
2. What Materials and Procedures are used the researcher-made drainage management system?
3. How functional is the proposed design based on its purpose?
Assumption: The researcher-made drainage management system is effective in providing a real-time information on the drainage condition and water level detection.

31. Figure 1. Block diagram of the ultrasonic sensor
I-A. The Operation Design – Block Diagram
The operation design of the proposed drainage management system using ultrasonic sensors is to locate clogs for an early flood response. Figures 1 illustrates the block diagram of the ultrasonic sensor of the design project.
Figure 1. Block diagram of the ultrasonic sensor

32. I-B. Operation Design - The Programming
The researcher collected different programs for each sensor from the Arduino website. The codes were compiled and modified to fit the use to be obtained using the Arduino software. Extensive revision and analysis were done in order to achieve the expected code. Figure 2 illustrates the program flow chart of the whole project.

33. Figure 2. Program Flow Chart

34. I-C. Operation Design – The Set Up
Mechanism of Ultrasonic Sensor
The Ultrasonic sensor detects the distance of any object without the sense of touch. It is set into repeatable mode, meaning it will continue to detect any object’s distance until it ends. The sensor is given a ten-second calibration time and after that, it runs.
This sensor contains lenses that determines its detection range. It is said to have a minimum and maximum range of 2 to 400 centimeters according to the manual. The sensor is then set to its maximum range.

35. Figure 3. Ultrasonic Sensor Schematic Diagram

36. According to the program, the sensor will only send a high signal once the distance of uneven water levels are detected.
The system was then tested in various situations with a clog in different areas of the drainage system. This is to ensure the accuracy of the whole system.
An LED, along with a piezo element buzzer, is paired up with each Ultrasonic set-up that turns on when the coniditon is met. Thus, if an LED and buzzer emit light aand sound respectively, then it must mean there is a block within its area.

37. Figure 4. Ultrasonic Range Finder

38. II. Materials and Procedures :
The researcher will use the following materials:
3 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensors
Male-Male Connectors
Male-Female Connectors
Female-Female Connectors
USB Cable A to B
Arduino Mega 2560 Microcontroller
3 Piezo Element Buzzer
3 LEDs
Arduino Software (version 1.6.9)
Soldering iron
Lead
Sealant
32in x 6.5in x 13.5in Case (Prototype Set-Up)
The researcher obtained the materials needed from 3M Electronix in Basak-Marigondon Road, Lapu-Lapu City, from Bitstoc Electronics in Tres Borces Padres Street, Cebu City, and unused materials from School Stockroom.

39. 1 x HC-SR04 module

40. VCC = +5VDC
Trig = Trigger input of Sensor
Echo = Echo output of Sensor
GND = GND

41. The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 (datasheet). It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Mega is compatible with most shields designed for the Arduino Duemilanove or Diecimila.

42. Figure 6.3. Programming of the First Ultrasonic Sensor

43. Figure 6.5. Programming of the Third Ultrasonic Sensor

44. Figure 8. Primary Set Up of the Program

45. Figure 9.1. Creation of the Prototype Drainage 1

46. Figure 10.3. Creation of the Drainage Prototype 2

47. III. Functionality Test READINGS (in cm)
LOCATION OF THE BLOCK
Depth of Set-Up
READINGS (in cm)
Conclusion
1st
Sensor
2nd
3rd
Sector 1
27cm 17 27
Block in Sector 1 was detected
LOCATION OF THE BLOCK
Depth of Set-Up
READINGS (in cm)
Conclusion
1st
Sensor
2nd
3rd
Sector 2
27cm 27 16
Block in Sector 2 was detected

48. Conclusion
The functionality of the ultrasonic sensor, based on research, used the reflection mode to retrieve data to process in the set-up.
The operation of the set-up is based on the real-time readings of the ultrasonic sensors, therefore the function of this system is to detect clogs and blocks based on the ultrasonic sensors’ readings and the conditions programmed.

49. Recommendations
It is recommended that the future researchers try other sensors that still provides and implements the functions of the study and to integrate the possibility of multiple clogs or blocks and to also create a limiting range for the sensors’ trigger in identifying a possible clog in the drain.
It is also recommended to use a bigger set up and to use a GSM shield for better data gathering and monitoring of the system.

50. APPLICATION BASED O PREVIOUS OUTPUT PROVIDE THE SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS; CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS