1. ASTR 1040 – November 16 Look for new homework today or tomorrow .
different from preceding homeworks
Next observatory today Thursday, November 16
Next Exam December 7
Planetarium, December 5 .
Website

2. HII Regions

4. Star Forming Regions
High Density leads to
high star formation

9. Dust Cloud Dust forms from C,O,Si,Fe etc. Like dust storm at sunset
Reddens stars beyond

14. Molecular Clouds Dust in Space Dark dust clouds
Very cold in the middle & shielded from UV
Molecules Form
H, C, N, O H2
H2O
NH3
CH4
Even Ethyl Alcohol!

15. Planetary Nebulae Red Supergiant Shedding Its Envelope
As we’ve discussed before.

20. Bubbles
Stellar Wind
Interstellar Gas

22. Supernova Remnants Four Phases Free Expansion 200 years
Energy Conserving 10,000years
Momentum Conserving 100,000 years
Confusion 1,000,000years

23. SN1987A First Naked Eye Supernova since 1604
Located in Magellanic Cloud at 55,000pc

24. SN1987A Now

25. Cassiopeia A
Exploded in late 17th Century – Not Seen

26. Kepler’s Supernova

27. Tycho’s Supernova

28. The Crab Nebula Supernova 1054
Visible Light
X-rays

29. SN 1006

30. Puppis A

31. Vela SNR (and Puppis)

32. Cygnus Loop

33. Entire Sky in Soft X-rays

34. Super Bubbles Shock Wave Hot Bubble New Stars Form Superbubble Grows
Takes Millions of Years to Grow

36. Galactic Fountain Hot Material Churns Upwards Rains back down
Galactic Halo
Galactic Fountain
Much like a bubble bath

37. Galaxies There are about 100 Billion Galaxies in Visible Universe
The Milky Way is very typical (100Billion stars)
But they come in all kinds of shapes and sizes

38. Local Group
M31 MW
Magellanic Clouds
M33

39. M31 The Great Nebula in Andromeda

40. M33 The Third Wheel of the Local Group

41. Our Region
15,000,000pc
Local Group
Virgo Cluster
M81,82

42. Brightest Seen Through Telescopes
Photography showed galaxies all over sky in 1890’s
Debate raged until 1920’s “whirlpools of gas or island universes?”
Mt Wilson Telescope resolved M31 like Galileo did Milky Way
Distance scale very difficult to determine

45. Hubble Sequence
(not an evolutionary sequence!)

48. Elliptical Galaxy

49. Elliptical

50. Sombrero Galaxy