1. Sedimentary Rock

2. Sediment
Different sizes of clasts are broken down through the many processes of erosion. They are then carried by wind, water, moving ice, and dropped or left in a new place in a process called deposition.
Over time, layers of clasts become compacted and cemented together (also known as lithified) forming sedimentary rock.

3. Sediment
The process of leaving material behind by wind, water, or moving ice in a process called deposition.

4. Sedimentary rock
Rock created when different grain size particles (known as clasts) of Earth become compacted, cemented (lithification).

5. Grain size from largest to smallest
Boulders
Pebbles
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay

6. Types of Sedimentary rock
I Clastic – coarse grained to fine grained
Conglomerate Breccia Sandstone
Siltstone also known as shale

7. Sedimentary - conglomerate
Large grained
Rounded pebbles or gravel compacted and cemented together are called…

8. Sedimentary - Breccias
Large grained
jagged edged pebbles or gravel compacted and cemented together are called…

9. Sedimentary - sandstone
Small sand sized clasts
Give a “gritty” texture to
this stone called…

10. Sedimentary - siltstone
Fine grained – smooth texture
Siltstone stone is also called…

11. Sedimentary - shale
Very fine almost no grain. Very smooth texture.

12. Types of Sedimentary rock
II Organic – made from once living organisms. Coal Limestone

13. Sedimentary - organic Coal – made from the remains
Sedimentary - organic
Coal – made from the remains
of decayed plant and animal material.
Peat- plant matter
Lignite- brown coal/still some moisture present
Bituminous- soft black coal/almost all moisture removed
Anthracite – hardened black coal/ almost pure carbon/ no moisture.

14. Coal formation
bituminous
peat
lignite
anthracite

15. Sedimentary organic
Limestone – begins as shells or calcium bearing animals or plants.
These die and float to the bottom of the ocean or lake they inhabit.
Eventually enough accumulates to create enough pressure to create limestone.

16. Sedimentary organic Limestone formation
1. Shells and bones and other organic matter settle To the ocean floor. 2. Over time, the accumulation builds enough to compress lower layers and the silica rich environment lithifies the pieces of broken debris forming fossiliferous limestone. The shell fragments are still visible.

17. Sedimentary organic Limestone formation
3. Eventually the fragment and debris are so interconnected and lithifies that the stone takes on a different characteristic and is called coquina where few if any fragments are visible. 4. Finally the compression and combined with lithification create a true limestone with no hint of the organic matter that created it. White, grey, red, brown, black in color depending on the type and amount of the differing organic matter that is lithified.

18. Sedimentary rock III Chemical sedimentary rock Evaporates
Lime stone can also be formed through chemical process of evaporation.
Uses of limestone
Calcite
Halite
Formed when mineral rich water evaporated leaving the mineral behind to chrystalize.