1. Animal and Plant Cells and organelles

2. Animal Cell

3. Plant Cell

4. Nucleus
control center of the cell

5. Nuclear Membrane
the structure that surrounds the nucleus and controls what goes into or out of the nucleus

6. DNA and chromosomes
structures inside the nucleus that store genetic information, which is information passed on from one generation to the next

7. Cell Membrane
controls what goes into and out of a cell

8. Cytoplasm
a thick gel-like substance that surrounds and supports the organelles inside the cell

9. organelles
structures inside a cell

10. ribosomes
organelles that produce proteins

11. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
a system of membranes and sacs that can move materials from one part of the cell to another

12. Golgi bodies/apparatus/complex
a system of membranes which changes, supports, and packages the proteins to be stored in the cell or secreted out of the cell

13. Lysosomes
an organelle filled with enzymes that can digest organic compounds

14. Mitochondria
the powerhouse of the cell which releases energy from food

15. Vacuole
a saclike structure that stores water or wastes

16. Cell wall
a stiff outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell

17. Chloroplast
organelles which use the energy from the sun to make food for plants

18. DNA and chromosomes
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Cytoplasm
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Vacuole
Cell Membrane

19. Nuclear Membrane
DNA and chromosomes
Nucleus
Lysosome
Golgi bodies
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
ribosomes
Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
Cell wall

20. Vacuoles Storage container for water, food, and wastes
Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than they are in animal cells
The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.

21. Differences in Cells
Usually the shape of a cell is related to its function (job)
Plant cells have a boxlike shape and animal cells do not have a particular shape
Plant cells have some structures that animal cells do not – cell wall and chloroplasts
A plant cell usually has one large vacuole and an animal cell usually has several small ones
You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

22. Review Which organelle directs all cell activities? Nucleus
Which organelle controls what goes into or out of the cell?
Cell membrane
Which organelle controls what goes into and out of the nucleus?
Nuclear membrane
What substance contains the instructions for everything the cell does?
DNA
You may choose to delete the answers from the PowerPoint or change the animation so that they come in after all 5 questions are asked in case you want to quiz students individually at the end.

23. Ribosome Smallest and most abundant organelles Makes proteins
Proteins are very important for many of the cell’s activities
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.

24. Cell Organelles the parts inside a cell
they carry out functions (jobs) inside the cell
You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

25. Cell Membrane A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell
Controls what goes into or out of the cell
Protects and supports the cell
Emphasize word parts here:
phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail
bi= 2

26. Nucleus “Control center of the cell” - Directs all cell activities
Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope
Cells with a nucleus (plant cells and animal cells) are called eukaryotes and those without a nucleus (bacteria) are called prokaryotes
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

27. Inside the Nucleus Chromosomes – structures in the nucleus made of DNA
DNA – long, threadlike, material that contains the instructions for everything the cell does
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

28. Cell Wall Found only in plant and bacterial cells
Rigid, protective barrier that protects and supports the cell
Found outside of the cell membrane of plant and bacterial cells
This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

29. Chloroplast Found only in plant cells
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place
Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.