1. Klaus Helkama September 9, 2009
VALUES & MORALITY
Klaus Helkama
September 9, 2009

2. Psychology of values
Eduard Spranger (1913): Lebensformen (Forms of life) Types of men (1928)  Allport & Vernon: Study of values (1931)  vocational choice according to values
Social institutions  value types (Politics – Power)
Milton Rokeach (1973): The nature of human values
18 ”terminal” values (freedom, equality, world peace)
18 ”instrumental” values (polite, honest, forgiving)
Shalom Schwartz (1992): Universal content & structure of values
New instrument (56 values)
Samples: teachers & university students in 20 countries
40 items with cross-culturally stable meaning